MOA 2020 - Phlebotomy

1. Demonstrate a knowledge of the phlebotomist’s role in the healthcare system.
   1. Including an understanding of basic job duties, the range of job settings where phlebotomists are employed, the healthcare workers with whom the phlebotomist interacts, employer expectations for professionalism, important interpersonal communication and teamwork skills, respect and care for the patient, quality control measures, applicable licensing and accrediting agencies, and the legal, ethical, and regulatory issues that impact the specimen collection process.
2. Possess a competent working knowledge of the equipment used by phlebotomists, special handling procedures for specimens, proper use of safety supplies and equipment, and methods to address complications in the specimen collection, preparation and transport process.
3. Describe the universal precautions as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
4. Describe the venous anatomy and veins and skin surfaces on which phlebotomy can be performed.
5. Differentiate between serum and plasma.
6. Demonstrate a knowledge of the phlebotomist’s work environment.
   1. Including a knowledge of how the cardiovascular system works, the anatomy and physiology of the human body related to the phlebotomist’s job duties, medical terminology used in the field, the biohazards present in the phlebotomist’s work environment, and measures to take to ensure lab safety and infection control.
7. Identify factors to be considered in venipuncture or skin puncture site selection.
8. List the equipment and supplies needed to collect blood by venipuncture and skin puncture.
9. Describe patient factors which influence the ability to perform venipuncture successfully.
10. Discuss complications associated with blood collection.
11. Describe the steps in accurate specimen collection and documentation procedures.
12. Recognize factors that affect procedures and results, and taking appropriate actions within predetermined limits when corrections are indicated
13. Identify the sites for capillary puncture and explain why these sites are selected for children >1 year and adults.
14. Explain how the capillary puncture is performed using a sterile lancet on children >1 year and adults.
15. Name the parts of the vacuum tube system and explain the function and anticoagulants in the tubes
16. List the order of draw for a multiple-draw venipuncture.
17. Describe the technique of venipuncture using a syringe and hypodermic needle and/or butterfly.
18. Know when to use a butterfly vs. VacutainerTM or syringe.
19. Identify appropriate sites for capillary puncture in children and adults.
20. Identify situations where special precautions may be necessary including Nursery, Pediatrics, ICU/CCU, Emergency Room, Surgery and other special areas of the hospital and take action as necessary.
21. Describe the appropriate standards for collecting nonblood specimens (urine, stool, cultures, sputum, wound).
22. Explain point-of care testing and CLIA-waived testing.

Clinical/Lab/Simulation Competencies:

Upon completion of this course, the student, under the supervision of the instructor, will be able to accomplish the following objectives as assigned by the instructor including, but not limited to the following skills lab competencies. All students must receive a satisfactory evaluation for course completion. An unsatisfactory evaluation will result in the student not being able to pass the course regardless of the academic average.

Competencies:

1. Competent in collecting and processing biological specimens and other substances.
2. Apply principles of safety and adhere to regulations regarding workplace safety (OSHA standards, CDC standards, etc.).
3. Demonstrate professional conduct and interpersonal communication skills with patients, laboratory personnel, other health care professionals, and with the public.
4. Recognize the responsibilities of other laboratory and health care personnel and interact with them with respect for their jobs and patient care.
5. Demonstrate competency in fulfilling the responsibilities and job duties of the phlebotomist, including competent performance of multi-sample straight stick venipuncture procedures, winged blood collection set procedures, syringe venipuncture procedures, and capillary/dermal sticks and blood smears, obtaining quality samples from all procedures performed.
6. Demonstrate an ability to apply gained knowledge and skills to work with special populations and to accomplish specialized phlebotomy procedures, including effectively communicating and working with pediatric and geriatric patients, and describing the procedures, considerations and quality control measures involved in blood culture collections, point-of-care testing, and collecting and instructing patients to collect non-blood specimens for analysis.
7. Correctly perform the steps in accurate specimen collection and documentation procedures.
8. Demonstrate a successful venipuncture on manikin arm and patients following the proper steps.
9. Perform a capillary puncture on manikin arm and patients using acceptable technique and observing appropriate safety precautions.
10. Assume responsibility for a clean and safe work environment for patient, self and/or other staff.
11. Maintain laboratory safety for yourself and your coworkers by disposing of the blood and sharps according to laboratory and OSHA policies.
12. Select the appropriate equipment needed to perform a venipuncture including needle, syringe or vacuum collection system, blood tubes alcohol wipe, sterile gauze, tourniquet and band aid.
13. Select the appropriate blood collection tubes considering the tests requested, minimum sample requirements, and the needs of the patient.
14. Identify and select a suitable venipuncture or capillary site.
15. Properly prepare a venipuncture or capillary site.
16. Apply a tourniquet correctly.
17. Perform a venipuncture correctly using appropriate technique and order of draw, observing the recommended safety precautions.
18. Perform the necessary follow-up care on patients following a venipuncture or capillary procedure.
19. With 100% accuracy, properly identify patients prior to performing any procedure.
20. Observe appropriate precautions and procedures when collecting specimens under isolation conditions.
21. When appropriate, notify nursing personnel of specimen collection irregularities or potential problems.
22. Observe appropriate specimen preservation and handling procedures.
23. Properly inform the patient of any procedures.
24. Properly identify him/herself to the patient.
25. Label all specimens correctly with the necessary information.
26. Properly dispose of all used equipment.
27. Demonstrate knowledge and use of collection equipment, various types of additives used, special precautions necessary substances and pre-analytical variables that can adversely affect the blood sample and/or interfere in clinical analysis of blood constituents.
28. Demonstrate understanding of requisitioning, specimen transport, and specimen processing.
29. Demonstrate understanding of quality assurance in phlebotomy.
30. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts of communications, personal and patient interaction, and stress.