DTA 2020 - Dental Materials II

1. Identify bonding agents and their uses.
2. Name the types of bonding agents.
3. Describe the composition of bonding agents.
4. Describe the steps in enamel bonding.
5. Compare the disadvantages/obstacles with bonding to dentin.
6. Define smear layer.

UNIT #2 PIT & FISSURE SEALANTS

1. Identify the objectives for use of sealants.
2. Discuss the indications and contraindications for sealants.
3. Describe the chemical composition of sealant material.
4. Identify the therapeutic value of sealants.
5. Differentiate between the various pit and fissure sealants.
6. Explain the method of application and precaution necessary for the application of sealants.

UNIT #3 METALS USED IN DENTISTRY

1. Identify the following terms relating to metals used in dentistry: noble alloy, amalgam, cast restoration, wrought alloys, soldering, flux.
2. Define the primary purpose of each component of amalgam alloy.
3. Identify the importance of mercury/alloy ratio and setting reaction in dental amalgam.
4. Discuss in detail the potential toxic effect of mercury to the dental patient, and the dental health team.
5. Explain the need for maintaining proper mercury hygiene n the dental office.
6. List the precautions to be taken to reduce the danger of mercury inhalation.
7. Compare the advantages and the disadvantages of using pre-weighed disposable capsules.
8. Identify the components of a mechanical amalagamator and demonstrate how it operates.  Calculate the time established to triturate per/spill.

UNIT #4 DENTAL AMALGAM

1. Define alloy.
2. Name the elements present in the oral environment that may cause corrosion.
3. Describe the potential effects of dissimilar metal corrosion currents (aluminum foil on amalgam restoration).
4. Define dental amalgam, amalgamation, dental amalgam alloy, trituration.
5. List the metals and their concentrations present in amalgam alloy.
6. Differentiate between low copper and high copper alloys in terms of composition, structure, properties, and clinical performance.
7. Explain the frequency of use and the common use of dental amalgam.
8. Compare the forms of the alloy particles as supplied by the manufacturer and how the physical properties and handling characteristics differ for amalgam made from the different types.
9. Describe the setting reaction that occurs between mercury and the alloy particles of conventional alloy and a high copper alloy and how that affects the behavior of the restoration in the mouth.
10. Identify the physical properties of amalgam and the effect of manipulative variables on these properties.
11. Describe factors controlled by the manufacturer and those controlled by the dentist and assistant which influence the quality of the final restoration.
12. Describe what is meant by the alloy-mercury ratio and how it is determined.
13. Describe the amalgam condensation procedure and the factors to be observed in assuring a successful restoration.
14. Evaluate the results if a zinc-containing amalgam is contaminated by moisture, and explain the importance of a dry field during placement.
15. Discuss all the possible mechanisms that are associated with marginal breakdown and corrosion of an amalgam restoration.
16. Describe the finishing needs for polishing and amalgam restoration.
17. Describe the proper way to store old amalgam.
18. Demonstrate and explain the step-by-step procedure on proper utilization of a mercury spill kit.

UNIT #5                COMPOSITES (FILLED RESINS)

1. Describe the composition of composite resins and indicate their function.
2. Explain the methods by which polymerization is accelerated.
3. Describe the difference in the composition of an unfilled acrylic direct resin as compared to a composite.
4. Compare the compressive strength of composite resin to the biting force of tooth structure.
5. Compare the value of co-efficient thermal expansion for composite resins and tooth structure.
6. Describe the dispensing, mixing, and placement of each type of composite resin material.
7. Describe the common forms of composite and identify which is used most often today.
8. Describe the finishing technique for composite resins.
9. Select the proper armamentaria for mixing a composite resin.
10. Discuss the factors that contribute to the discoloration composite resin restoration.
11. Explain what is meant by the following:  cupling agent, BIS-GMA, “hybrid” resin, and glazing agent.
12. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of visible light cured resins as compared to the chemically activated ones.
13. Discuss the behavior of the various resins when used for restoration of anterior teeth and also when used for restoration of posterior teeth.
14. Explain polymerization mechanism of light-cured resins and how it differs from that of the chemically activated resins.
15. Prepare for and assist with a procedure involving the manipulation and finishing of a composite on a typodont.

UNIT #6      METALS USED IN DENTISTRY

1. Identify the following terms relating to metals used in dentistry:  noble alloy, alloy, amalgam, cast structure, wrought structure, soldering, flux, and welding.
2. Define the primary purpose of each component of amalgam alloy.
3. Identify the importance of mercury/alloy ratio and setting reaction in dental amalgam.
4. Discuss in detail the potential toxic effect of mercury to the dental patient, and the dental health team.
5. Explain the need for maintaining proper mercury hygiene in the dental office.
6. List the precautions to be taken to reduce the danger of mercury inhalation.
7. Compare the advantages and the disadvantages of using preweighed disposable capsules.
8. Identify the components of a mechanical amalgamator and demonstrate how it operates.  Calculate the time established to triturate per/spill.

UNIT #7      DENTAL AMALGAM

1. Define alloy.
2. Name the elements present in the oral environment that may cause corrosion.
3. Describe the potential effects of dissimilar metal corrosion currents, (aluminum foil on amalgam restoration).
4. Define dental amalgam, amalgamation, dental amalgam alloy, trituration.
5. List the metals and their concentrations present in amalgam alloy.  Explain the effect of each metal.  
6. Differentiate between low copper and high copper alloys in terms of composition, structure,          properties, and clinical performance.
7. Explain the frequency of use and the common use of dental amalgam.
8. Compare the forms of the alloy particles as supplied by the manufacturer and how the physical        properties and handling characteristics differ for amalgam made from the different types.
9. Describe the setting reaction that occurs between mercury and the alloy particles of the conventional alloy and a high copper alloy and how that effects the behavior of the restoration in the mouth.
10. Identify the physical properties of amalgam and the effect of manipulative variables on these            properties.
11. Describe factors controlled by the manufacturer and those controlled by the dentist and assistant        which influence the quality of the final restoration.
12. Describe what is meant by the alloy-mercury ratio and how it is determined
13. Discuss in detail the potential toxic effect of mercury to the dental patient, and the dental health        team.
14. Describe the amalgam condensation procedure and the factors to be observed in assuring a          successful restoration.
15. Evaluate the results if a zinc-containing amalgam is contaminated by moisture, and explain the importance of a dry field during placement.
16. Discuss all the possible mechanisms that are associated with marginal breakdown and corrosion of an amalgam restoration.
17. Describe the finishing needs for polishing an amalgam restoration.
18. Describe the proper way to store old amalgam.
19. Demonstrate and explain the step-by-step procedure on proper utilization of mercury spill kit.

UNIT #8      REVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID

1. Describe the composition of and explain why each ingredient in a reversible hydrocolloid impression material is essential.
2. Prepare the equipment for a reversible hydrocolloid impression/duplication.
3. Prepare reversible hydrocolloid impression material/duplication.
4. Describe the best method for storing a hydrocolloid impression before and after pouring.
5. Describe that water bath technique employed for softening and storing reversible hydrocolloid.         Include temperatures of the three compartments of a water bath.
6. Select/try-in tray for impression.
7. Demonstrate and explain the step-by-step procedure for obtaining a reversible hydrocolloid            impression.
8. Prepare and fill reversible hydrocolloid impression tray.
9. Demonstrate proper protocol for disinfecting the impression.

UNIT #9     ELASTOMERIC (RUBBER) IMPRESSION MATERIAL

1. Describe the composition of polysufide, silicone, polyether and poly (vinyl siloxane) impression        materials and describe their functions.
2. Differentiate between types of elastomer impression materials including setting time, airing time  and dimensional stability.
3. Differentiate between the functions of light, regular and heavy bodied types of elastomer impression materials.
4. Describe possible causes of distortion in elastomer impression materials.
5. Demonstrate the steps in dispensing and mixing polysulfide, silicone, polyether and poly (vinyl        siloxane) impression materials using various techniques.
6. Demonstrate the preparing mixing and loading of a syringe or automix with elastomeric impression material.
7. Prepare equipment, mix elastomers, and place material in tray.
8. State the reason for using custom trays when taking an elastomeric impression.
9. Demonstrate the proper protocol for disinfection of impression.

UNIT #10     DENTAL ALLOY CASTING

1. Define noble alloy and list the three commonly used in dentistry.
2. Classify conventional gold alloy according to A.D.A. Specification and give an example of the use of each.
3. Describe modern casting alloys (low gold, palladium silver, porcelain fused to metal, e.g.) for casting.
4. Explain the main problem with the clinical use of low noble metal content casting alloys.
5. Explain the problem with high silver content palladium alloys fused to porcelain.
6. List the main uses of casting alloys in dentistry.
7. Summarize the steps involved in the complete casting as follows:
   1. Accurate wax pattern
   2. Investment 
   3. Wax elimination
   4. Gold or base metal in molten state
   5. Metal Casting
8. Discuss the reuse of the various types of specification gold alloys and the precaution to be          exercised.
9. Understand the technique of constructing the wax pattern.
10. Describe the purpose of the die in the indirect wax technique.
11. List desirable properties of inlay wax and causes of wax distortion.
12. List the constituents of a gypsum-bonded investment and describe their functions.
13. List the factors which influence:
    1. Setting expansion air/water
    2. Hygroscopic expansion
    3. Thermal expansion
14. Identify the factors which control investment strength.
15. Explain what is meant by casting shrinkage and shrinkage compensation.
16. Define sprue, sprue former, crucible former, reservoir button.
17. Compare hand investing with vacuum investing and state the advantage.
18. Describe the casting procedure on a centrifugal casting machine.
19. State how to identify the gold as ready to cast and give the time for completion of casting after        metal has reached the molten state.
20. Discuss the composition and the purpose of the flux.
21. Explain the “pickling” procedure and name the solution used.
22. Discuss the common causes of defective castings.