PCT 1020 - AP & Medical Terminology

Upon completion of this component, the student will be able to:

1. Identify and define the basic sciences and how they affect the growth and maintenance of the human body.
   1. Define anatomy and physiology
   2. Discuss and identify prefixes, roots, and suffixes commonly used in relation to the human body.
   3. Describe the organization of the body in term of cells, tissues, organs, and systems.
   4. Describe the structure and function of glandular, soft, hard, connective and muscle tissue.
   5. Define membrane; give major types, and examples of each and their functions.
   6. Identify organs composing the major body systems and their location.
2. Name and define body systems and how they work together as an integrated whole.
   1. Musculoskeletal System
      1. List and describe the three types of muscle tissue.
      2. Locate and name the major muscle groups and  identify their major action
      3. Classify the major muscles of the body as abductors, adductors, levators, depressors, flexors, extensors, rotators, or sphincters.
      4. List the way age changes muscles.
      5. Discuss the skeletal system.
      6. List types of bones and give examples.
      7. Locate and name the major bones of the body and describe their function.
      8. Name the types of joints and give examples.
      9. Describe and locate the different spinal curvatures.
      10. Differentiate between the male and female pelvis.
   2. Nervous System
      1. Describe the organization of the nervous system.
      2. Explain the structure and function of a neuron.
      3. Describe how nerves are made up of neurons and neuron fibers.
      4. Discuss dendrite, axon, neurilemmal, neuroglia, and myelin.
      5. Identify functions of the sensory, motor, and connecting neuron.
      6. Describe the functions of the spinal cord.
      7. Describe the differences and distribution of white and gray matter in the spinal cord.
      8. Compare the differences of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
      9. Identify the locations and describe the functions of the four divisions of the brain.
      10. List and describe the meninges.
      11. Describe the function, location, and formation of cerebrospinal fluid.
      12. Identify the lobes of the cerebral hemisphere and describe their function.
      13. List the subdivisions of the brain stem and their functions.
      14. Describe the cerebellum and its function.
   3. Sensory System
      1. Describe the functions of the sensory system.
      2. List the differences between special and general senses.
      3. Identify the major structures of the ear and describe the function of each.
      4. Identify the major structures of the eye and describe the function of each.
      5. Describe the relationship between gustation and olfaction.
      6. Describe the function of hearing and hearing receptors.
      7. Explain sensory adaptation.
   4. Cardiovascular System
      1. Explain the functions of blood and how blood cells are formed.
      2. Describe the components of plasma and describe the three types of formed elements found in blood.
      3. Describe the five types of leukocytes and their function.
      4. Define hemostasis and list the steps in blood clotting.
      5. Explain how blood is typed and why it is important to accurately type blood for transfusions.
      6. Discuss the four blood groups and compatibility.
      7. Define Rh.
      8. Describe the different types of blood vessels along with their functions.
      9. Compare the pulmonary and systemic circuts.
      10. Describe the location and function of coronary arteries.
      11. Describe the circulation though the heart.
      12. Describe the three layers of the heart wall and explain the function and structure of the pericardium.
      13. Describe the four heart chambers and the differences between the right and left sides of the heart.
      14. Describe the hearts valves’ location and function.
      15. Describe the cardiac cycle, pulse, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
      16. List the components of and describe the function of the heart’s electrical conduction system.
   5. Respiratory System
      1. Define and describe the respiration and its phases.
      2. Identify and name the major structures of the respiratory system and describe their function.
      3. Identify the protective mechanisms within the nose, pharynx, and larynx.
      4. Differentiate between the right and left lung in terms of structure.
      5. Describe pleura and its actions.
      6. Describe the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the respiratory and circulatory systems.
      7. Explain how respiration is controlled by the nervous system and also by chemicals within the body.
      8. Describe the normal breathing pattern,
   6. Digestive System
      1. List the functions of the digestive system.
      2. Describe the digestive pathway, naming each major organ.
      3. Describe the layers of the digestive tract and the peritoneum.
      4. Describe the functions of the large and small intestine.
      5. Identify and describe the accessory organs of the digestive system.
      6. Define and state the function of peristalsis, chime, rugae, gastrin, mastication, digestion, absorption, villi, feces, peritoneum, and mesentery.
      7. List the major digestive enzymes and describe their function
   7. Urinary/Renal
      1. Describe the functions of the urinary systems and discuss how it works with other systems for waste elimination.
      2. List the parts of the urinary system and describe their function.
      3. Define intake and output, dehydration, and edema.
      4. Describe the action of the nephron in elimination waste from the body.
      5. List the processes involved in urine formation.
      6. Describe the process of micturition or voiding.
   8. Reproductive System
      1. Describe the structures and functions of the reproductive organs in the male and female.
      2. Describe the accessory organs of the male and female reproductive systems.
      3. Differentiate between the male and female gonads and describe their functions.
      4. Describe meiosis
      5. List functions of the male and female sex hormones.
      6. Identify secondary sex characteristics in the adult male and female.
   9. Endocrine System
      1. Relate and compare the effects of the nervous system and the endocrine system in controlling bodily functions.
      2. Explain the function of hormones and how they are regulated.
      3. Identify structures (glands) located within the endocrine system.
      4. List the specific hormones produced by the endocrine glands and the hormone’s effect on the body.
      5. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands.
      6. Describe the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary.
      7. List effects of excessive or decreased amounts of hormone secretion.
   10. Lymphatic System
       1. Describe the lymphatic circulation and its function.
       2. Describe the function of the spleen and thymus in relation to the immune system.
       3. Explain the differences between specific and non-specific body defenses.
       4. Give examples of and differentiate between passive and active immunity and natural and acquired immunity.
       5. Define antigen and antibody and describe an antigen-antibody reaction.
       6. Describe how macrophages function in immunity.
       7. Compare and contrast T cell and B cells.
   11. Integumentary System
       1. Describe the main functions of the skin.
       2. Describe the layers and the function of each layer.
       3. List the location and function of the skin’s accessory structures.
       4. Describe visual changes in the skin and what they indicate.

3. Recognize and interpret common medical abbreviations and terminology.

1. Master pronunciation and spelling of medical terms
2. Learn how to work with a medical dictionary / thesaurus
3. Learn to interpret physician’s orders