EMT 2020 - Human Development Health and Disease

In addition they will have a fundamental understanding of the physiological and psychosocial differences of each phase of human development. The students will be able to discuss adaptations and strategies that they might apply to better assess and manage patients. Students will learn the associated signs and symptoms and emergency treatment of drowning; diving emergencies; high-altitude sickness; lighting strikes; and bites and envenomations from spiders, hymenoptera (eg, bees, yellow jackets, wasps, and ants), snakes, scorpions, ticks, and marine life.

Student Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Understand the body’s topographic anatomy, including the anatomic position and the planes of the body.
2. Explain the following directional terms: anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal), right, left, superior, inferior, proximal, distal, medial, lateral, superficial, and deep.
3. Describe the prone, supine, Fowler’s, Trendelenburg’s, and shock positions of the body.
4. Identify the anatomy and describe the physiology of the musculoskeletal system.
5. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.
6. Describe the process of gas exchange in the alveoli.
7. Discuss the concepts of respiration and ventilation.
8. Explain the brainstem’s role in regulating respiration.
9. Describe the concept of hypoxic drive.
10. Explain how the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and the blood’s pH relate to ventilation.
11. Discuss the concepts of afterload, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
12. Discuss Starling’s law of the heart.
13. Discuss cell transport mechanisms, including diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
14. Explain the concept of fluid balance, as well as the purpose and mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis.
15. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the circulatory system.
16. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.
17. Describe the anatomy and the physiology of the integumentary system.
18. Explain the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system.
19. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.
20. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.
21. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the genital system.
22. Describe the life-support chain, aerobic metabolism, and anaerobic metabolism.
23. Define pathophysiology, including the concepts of respiratory compromise and shock.
24. Understand the terms used to designate the following age groups: infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents (teenagers), early adults, middle adults, and late adults.
25. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of an infant’s life.
26. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a toddler’s and preschooler’s life.
27. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a school-age child’s life.
28. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of an adolescent’s life.
29. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of an early adult’s life.
30. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a middle adult’s life.
31. Describe the major physiologic and psychosocial characteristics of a late adult’s life.
32. Describe four factors that affect how a person deals with exposure to a cold or hot environment and how each one relates to emergency medical care.
33. Explain the five different ways a body can lose heat and ways the rate and amount of heat loss or gain can be modified in an emergency situation.
34. Define and discuss hypothermia, including the signs and symptoms of its four different stages and the risk factors for developing it.
35. Explain local cold injuries and their underlying causes.
36. Describe the process of providing emergency care to a patient who has sustained a cold injury, including assessment of the patient, review of signs and symptoms, and management of care.
37. Explain the importance of following regional and state protocols when rewarming a patient who is experiencing moderate or severe hypothermia.
38. Describe the three forms of illness that are caused by heat exposure, including their signs and symptoms, and give examples of persons who are at the greatest risk of developing one of them.
39. Describe the process of providing emergency care to a patient who has sustained a heat injury, including assessment of the patient, review of signs and symptoms, and management of care.
40. Define drowning and discuss its incidence, risk factors, and prevention.
41. List the basic rules of performing a water rescue and discuss why rescue personnel should have a prearranged water rescue plan based on the environment in which they work.
42. List five conditions that may result in a spinal injury following a submersion incident and the steps for stabilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury in the water.
43. Discuss recovery techniques and resuscitation efforts AEMTs may need to follow when managing a patient who has been involved in a submersion incident.
44. Describe the three different types of diving emergencies, how they may occur, and their signs and symptoms.
45. Describe the process of providing emergency care to a patient who has been involved in a drowning or diving emergency, including assessment of the patient, review of signs and symptoms, and management of care.
46. Discuss the types of dysbarism injuries that may be caused by high altitudes, including their signs and symptoms and emergency medical treatment in the field.
47. Discuss lightning injuries, including their incidence, risk factors, assessment, and emergency medical treatment.
48. Identify the species of spiders found in the United States that may cause life-threatening injuries, and then describe the process of providing emergency care to patients who have been bitten by each type.
49. Discuss the emergency medical care of patients who have been stung by hymenoptera and scorpions, and bitten by ticks, including steps the AEMT should follow if a patient develops a severe reaction to the sting or bite.
50. Identify the species of snakes found in the United States that are venomous, and then describe the process of providing emergency care to patients who have been bitten by each type and are showing signs of envenomation. 
51. Discuss the emergency medical care of patients who have been stung by a coelenterate or other marine animal.
52. Demonstrate the emergency medical treatment of local cold injuries in the field.
53. Demonstrate using a warm-water bath to rewarm the limb of a patient who has sustained a local cold injury.
54. Demonstrate how to treat a patient with heat cramps.
55. Demonstrate how to treat a patient with heat exhaustion.
56. Demonstrate how to treat a patient with heatstroke.
57. Demonstrate how to stabilize a patient with a suspected spinal injury in the water.
58. Demonstrate how to care for a patient who is suspected of having an air embolism or decompression sickness following a drowning or diving emergency.
59. Demonstrate how to care for a patient who has been bitten by a pit viper and is showing signs of envenomation.
60. Demonstrate how to care for a patient who has been bitten by a coral snake and is showing signs of envenomation.  Demonstrate how to care for a patient who has sustained a coelenterate envenomation.