All Courses

PHT 2030 - Pharmacy Practice and Lab II

1. Distinguish roles of pharmacist and Pharmacy Technology.
2. Recognize the basic workflow process within institutional settings.
3. Recognize and provide examples of evolving pharmacy practice roles (e.g. medication reconciliation).
4. Categorize dosage forms and routes of administration.
5. Identify the elements of a prescription order
6. Recognize the various drug reference materials used in a pharmacy setting (e.g. FDA Orange Book, Drug Facts & Comparisons, package inserts etc.).
7. Identify the agencies and laws governing pharmacy practice
8. Describe the process of inventory control, comparing and contrasting inventories with special procedures (e.g. controlled substances, hazardous medications, etc.).
9. Describe inventory procedures such as recalls, short-dated medications, rotating stock, etc.
10. Identify the regulations for sterile compounding (e.g. USP Chapter <797> and USP <800>), preparation and documentation of compounds prepared.
11. Identify the tools and techniques used in sterile compounding.
12. Demonstrate knowledge of infection control procedures including handwashing, cleaning, use of protective equipment and supplies, and other processes commonly encountered in a healthcare setting.
13. Identify the types of medication error, error prevention strategies, error reporting systems, and other relevant safety concepts.
14. Review pharmacy math as it pertains to institutional pharmacy practice, compounding, and medication safety.
15. Achieve American Heart Association Basic Life Support (BLS) Provider certification
16. Demonstrate understanding of employment application and hiring process, prepare a resume and cover letter, and complete mock job interviews.

PHT 2040 - Pharmacology

1. Recognize drug references and their use.
2. Identify medications by brand (trade) and generic names.
3. Recall basic anatomy and physiology of the human body, and demonstrate understanding of how medications act upon the body systems.
4. Discuss pharmacological principles and actions in the human body (e.g. half-life, first-pass effect, etc.).
5. Recall dosage forms and routes of administration.
6. Identify drug classifications and sub-classifications.
7. Describe therapeutic equivalency.
8. Discuss dosage forms and medication strengths.
9. Identify proper medication storage procedures.
10. Identify over-the-counter, herbal, and alternative medications indicated for common conditions.

PHT 2050 - Third Party Reimbursement

1. Identify terminology used in health insurance (e.g. deductible, copay, etc.).
2. Outline the differences in the types of health insurance plans (e.g. HMO, PPO, etc.).
3. Identify the differences between Medicare and Medicaid, including patient eligibility.
4. Demonstrate knowledge of concepts specific to prescription insurance.
5. Outline the claims submission and billing processes.
6. Identify and be able to correct common insurance rejections and error messages.

PHT 3010 - Clinical Trng & PTCE Exam Prep

1. Identify and discuss key content areas on the PTCE.

2. Demonstrate ability to apply knowledge and skills from all previous courses through PTCE review and practice exams, and through clinical externship(s).

3. Complete at least one clinical externship, and provide documentation that knowledge and skills have been validated by one or more clinical preceptors.

PFP 0001 - Worker Characteristic

1.  Attendance    
   1. Attends Class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies)
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character         
   1. Displays loyalty, honestly, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is ask of them.
3. Teamwork       
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance    
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude           
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity    
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills      
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communication           
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation   
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   4. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect            
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

PFP 0002 - Worker Characteristic

1.  Attendance    
   1. Attends Class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies)
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character         
   1. Displays loyalty, honestly, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is ask of them.
3. Teamwork       
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance    
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude           
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity    
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills      
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communication           
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation   
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   4. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect            
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

PFP 0003 - Worker Characteristic

1.  Attendance    
   1. Attends Class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies)
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character         
   1. Displays loyalty, honestly, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is ask of them.
3. Teamwork       
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance    
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude           
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity    
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills      
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communication           
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation   
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   4. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect            
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

PFP 1010 - Technology Foundations

Reading

• Reading material such as workplace documents such as messages, emails, letters, directions, signs, bulletins, manuals, policies, contracts, and regulations.
• Using the information read to make job-related decisions and solve problems.
• Identify correct meaning of a word when the word is defined in the reading.
• Identify correct meaning of a word based on how the word is used in passage.
• Identify acronyms, jargons or technical terms that are defined in passage.
• Identify purposes, main idea and/or topics in messages.
• Identify details that support topics in messages.
• Identify needed actions from messages.
• Identify steps, and sub steps, in a set of directions.
• Read/Follow instructions/directions in correct order.
• Read/Follow instructions/directions that include if-then-else statements.
• Read/Follow instructions/directions that include maps, diagrams or floor plans.
• Identify cause and effect in directions.
• Solve problems from troubleshooting directions using cases and effects.
• Apply general reading strategies for reading directions.
• Find information in indexes, tables of contents, and glossaries.

Basic Writing

• Produce writing that consists of complete sentences.
• Exhibit organization of thoughts and ideas.
• Develop writing using proper sentence parts/parts of speech and sentence structure.
• Use punctuation and capitalization appropriately.
• Demonstrate proper use of plural forms for names, compound words and numbers.
• Identify verb tenses and demonstrate using them properly.
• Identify adjectives and adverbs and demonstrate using them properly.
• Identify commonly misspelled words.
• Proofread and edit writing.
• Write structurally, grammatically, and mechanically correct sentences.
• Demonstrate the phases of writing including draft, revision, and final copy.
• Construct an easy-to-follow, logical progression of ideas and information.

Graphic Literacy

• Read, review and interpret simple to more complex graphs, charts (bar, line, & pie), and tables.
• Identify trends and patterns in graphs, charts and/or tables; and locate information in graphs, charts and/or tables.
• Read and interpret blueprints, schematic drawings, diagrams, specifications, and/or work orders/ticketing systems.
• Read and understand various equipment gauges, valves, levels, dials, dashboards, etc. for operation monitoring.
• Follow and understand checklists.
• Practice visualization to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved, rearranged, or newly assembled.
• Demonstrate an understanding of data relationships and comparing trends - variables, dependency, creating summaries, etc.
• Draw conclusions and/or apply data from graphs, charts, and/or tables to specific situations.
• Evaluate information/data to determine compliance with standards.
• Making decisions and solving problems by analyzing information/data and evaluating results.
• Ability to concentrate on a task over time without being distracted.

Applied Mathematics

• Efficiently and accurately solve basic mathematical operations dealing with whole numbers, fractions, decimals and percentages.
• Convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages.
• Apply basic mathematical operations to applied mathematical situations.
• Apply basic graphing and statistical principals to a technical field.
• Efficiently and accurately solve basic algebraic methods and operations.
• Calculate one- and two-step conversions.
• Calculate averages, simple ratios, proportions and rates using whole numbers and decimals.
• Locate and use appropriate formulas.
• Calculate using mixed units.
• Calculate perimeter and areas of basic shapes.
• Calculate percentage discounts or markups.
• Decide what information, calculations, or unit conversions to use to find the answer to a problem.
• Identify where a mistake occurred in a calculation.
• Solve problems that require mathematical operations using mixed units - ie. 6 feet 2 inches.
• Conversions between standard and metric measurements.
• Able to work multiplication and division with ease. 
• Calculate volume of basic shapes.

PFP 1020 - NCCER Core Curriculum

1. Basic Safety
   1. Learn safety obligations of workers, supervisors and managers to ensure a safe work place.
   2. Discuss causes and impacts of incidents and accidents.
   3. Understand and state the roles of company policies and OSHA Regulations.
   4. Understand and state jobsite hazards, hazardous communication, and proper PPE.
2. Introduction to Construction Math
   1. Review mathematical basics and explains their application to construction trades.
   2. Learn to use and calculate imperial and metric measurements.
   3. Utilize an architect’s and an engineer’s scale.
   4. Understand decimal to fraction conversions.
   5. Learn and use basic geometry. 
3. Introduction to Hand Tools
   1. Learn about common construction hand tools used throughout the trades.
   2. Educate on correct and proper use of each tool.
   3. Discuss ergonomic factor involved in using each tool.
   4. Match correct PPE to each tool.
4. Introduction to Power Tools
   1. Correctly describe common power tools used in the trades every day.
      • Including basic electrical safety, changing blades, grinding wheels, guards, RPM and GFCI.
   2. Build upon previous knowledge of ergonomics and PPE included in the training.
       
5. Introduction to Construction Drawings
   1. Understand and demonstrate usage of basic terminology, symbols and components.
   2. Explain different types of drawings.
   3. Discuss orthographic and isometric points of view used in creating and interpreting drawings.
   4. Navigate prints via elevation, direction and dimensions.
6. Introduction to Basic Rigging
   1. Utilize charts, math, and inspection techniques to perform a basic rigging job.
   2. Learn and understand hand signals and other forms of communication.
   3. Understand basic mechanics of lifting equipment.
   4. Incorporate lift plans, equipment and center of gravity to perform lift.
7. Basic communication Skills
   1. Demonstrate ability to use communication skills vital to the work place and the jobsite.
   2. Demonstrate and state practical examples emphasizing the importance of verbal and written skills.
   3. Demonstrate phone and e-mail skills.
   4. Learn to work in both a lead and team role.
8. Basic Employability Skills
   1. Demonstrate professional self-presentation, problem solving and critical thinking.
   2. Understand and be able to state workplace practices and policies such as harassment, absenteeism, drugs and alcohol.
   3. Understand how jobs are placed and applied for utilizing more up to date technologies.
9. Introduction to Material Handling
   1. Demonstrate competency with correct procedures of lifting, moving and adjusting materials with the body or machine.
   2. Discuss topics such as housekeeping, ergonomics, fall zone and stability triangle.
   3. Correctly use communication practices and lift plans to travel, lift and manipulate load material.

PFP 1030 - NCCER Pipefitting Level 1

PFP 1040 - NCCER Pipefitting Level 2 Pt 1

PFP 2010 - NCCER Pipefitting Level 2 Pt 2

PFP 2020 - NCCER Pipefitting Level 3 Pt 1

PFP 2030 - Introduction to Plumbing Codes

PFP 3010 - NCCER Pipefitting Level 3 Pt 2

PFP 3020 - NCCER Pipefitting Level 4

PHT 1013 - Pharmacy Math

1. Demonstrate ability to perform basic mathematical operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
2. Demonstrate ability to perform basic mathematical operations as indicated in (1) above while using fractions, decimals, percentages, and ratios.
3. Demonstrate ability to perform basic mathematical operations as indicated in (1) while using the Roman numeral system.
4. Convert between metric, apothecary, and household systems of measurement.
5. Solve mathematical problems including dilutions, proportions, concentrations, and alligations.
6. Calculate days’ supply for prescriptions based on quantity and instructions given on prescription order.
7. Convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales.
8. Convert between standard, universal, and military time.
9. Calculate dosages for adult and geriatric patients based on body weight and/or body surface area.
10. Calculate dosages for pediatric patients based on body weight and/or body surface area, and/or using Fried’s, Young’s and Clark’s rules.
11. Calculate flow rate, drip rate, and infusion rate for intravenous medications.
12. Complete calculations required for sterile and non-sterile compounding, including (but not limited to) dilutions, concentrations, reconstitution of drugs, quantity to be made.
13. Demonstrate an ability to perform business calculations, including (but not limited to) gross and net profit, inventory turnover rate, balancing a register, collecting payment, providing necessary change, and claims processing.

PPT 0001 - Worker Characteristic

A. Attendance

1. Attends class as scheduled

2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).

3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent

B. Character

1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness

2. Displays dependability and reliability

3. Displays initiative, self-discipline & responsibility

C. Teamwork

1. Respects the rights of others

2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality

3. Team worker that is cooperative, and mannerly

4. Displays a customer service attitude

D. Appearance

1. Demonstrates appropriate dress for trade

2. Demonstrates professional grooming/hygiene

3. Presents oneself professionally each day

E. Attitude

1. Displays a positive & professional attitude

2. Displays self-confidence

3. Displays high expectations of success in trade

F. Productivity

1. Follows safety practices

2. Maintains a neat/clean work area

3. Follows directions

4. Completes assignments

G. Organizational Skills

1. Prioritizes and manages class time

2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change

H. Communication

1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills 

2. Displays appropriate listening skills

3. Uses appropriate language on professional level

I. Cooperation

1. Displays leadership skills

2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts & complaints

3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities

4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors/peers

5. Follows requests of instructor

J. Respect

1. Engages with cultural/racial diversity in professional manner

2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind

3. Encourages others to avoid harassment

PPT 0002 - Worker Characteristic

1. Attendance
   1. Attends class as scheduled
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent
2. Character
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness
   2. Displays dependability and reliability
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline & responsibility
3. Teamwork
   1. Respects the rights of others
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality
   3. Team worker that is cooperative, and mannerly
   4. Displays a customer service attitude
4. Appearance
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress for trade
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming/hygiene
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day
5. Attitude
   1. Displays a positive & professional attitude
   2. Displays self-confidence
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade
6. Productivity
   1. Follows safety practices
   2. Maintains a neat/clean work area
   3. Follows directions
   4. Completes assignments
7. Organizational Skills
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change
8. Communication
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills
   3. Uses appropriate language on professional level
9. Cooperation
   1. Displays leadership skills
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts & complaints
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors/peers
   5. Follows requests of instructor
10. Respect
    1. Engages with cultural/racial diversity in professional manner
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment

PPT 0003 - Worker Characteristic

1. Attendance
   1. Attends class as scheduled
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent
2. Character
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness
   2. Displays dependability and reliability
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline & responsibility
3. Teamwork
   1. Respects the rights of others
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality
   3. Team worker that is cooperative, and mannerly
   4. Displays a customer service attitude
4. Appearance
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress for trade
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming/hygiene
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day
5. Attitude
   1. Displays a positive & professional attitude
   2. Displays self-confidence
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade
6. Productivity
   1. Follows safety practices
   2. Maintains a neat/clean work area
   3. Follows directions
   4. Completes assignments
7. Organizational Skills
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change
8. Communication
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills
   3. Uses appropriate language on professional level
9. Cooperation
   1. Displays leadership skills
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts & complaints
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors/peers
   5. Follows requests of instructor
10. Respect
    1. Engages with cultural/racial diversity in professional manner
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment

PPT 1005 - Technology Foundations

1. Efficiently and accurately solve basic mathematical operations dealing with whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percent.
2. Apply basic mathematical operations to administrative office technology.
3. Read, analyze, and interpret graphs.
4. Apply basic graphing principals to administrative office technology.
5. Apply basic communication skills to administrative office technology.
6. Accurately read technical passages for information.

PPT 1010 - Safety and Orientation

1. Explain the idea of a safety culture and its importance in the construction crafts.
2. Identify causes of accidents and the impact of accident costs.
3. Explain the role of OSHA in job-site safety.
4. Explain OSHA’s General Duty Clause and 1926 CFR Subpart C.
5. Recognize hazard recognition and risk assessment techniques.
6. Explain fall protection, ladder, stair, and scaffold procedures and requirements.
7. Identify struck-by hazards and demonstrate safe working procedures and requirements.
8. Identify caught-in-between hazards and demonstrate safe working procedures and requirements. 
9. Define safe work procedures to use around electrical hazards.
10. Demonstrate the use and care of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
11. Explain the importance of hazard communications (HazCom) and material safety data sheets (MSDSs).
12. Identify other construction hazards on your job site, including hazardous material exposures, environmental elements, welding and cutting hazards, confined spaces, and fires.
13. Inspect PPE to determine if it is safe to use (PPE should include safety goggles, hardhat, gloves, safety harness, and safety shoes). 
14. Properly don and remove PPE (safety goggles, hardhat, and personal fall protection).
15. Demonstrate safe lifting procedures. 
16. Set up an extension ladder properly.
17. Demonstrate three-point contact on a ladder.

PPT 1020 - Applied Math-Pipefitting

1. Identify various pipefitting hand tools.
2. Secure a section of pipe in a vise and pipe stand.
3. Properly use:

• Straight pipe wrenches
• Offset pipe wrenches
• Chain wrenches
• Strap wrenches

4. Properly use:

• Laser level
• Torpedo and larger levels
• Tubing water level
• Center finder

5. Check square and level

• Take tongue and turn it 180 degrees from where it was
• Take level and flip it to ensure level is level

PPT 1030 - Trade Tools

1. Under the supervision of the instructor, the trainee should be able to do the following:
   1. Identify various pipefitting hand tools.
   2. Secure a section of pipe in a vise and pipe stand.
   3. Properly use:
      • Straight pipe wrenches
      • Offset pipe wrenches
      • Chain wrenches
      • Strap wrenches
   4. Properly use:
      1. Laser level
      2. Torpedo and larger levels
      3. Tubing water level
      4. Center finder
   5. Check square and level:
      • Take tongue and turn it 180 degrees from where it was
      • Take level and flip it to ensure level is level

PPT 1041 - Blueprint Reading

1. Identify parts of a drawing: 

• Title block
• Scales and measurements
• Symbols and abbreviations
• Notes
• Revision blocks
• Coordinates

2. Interpret the following: 

• Drawing indexes
• Line lists

3. Identify the following types of drawings: 

• Plot plans
• Structural drawings
• Elevation and section drawings
• Equipment arrangement drawings
• P&IDs
• Isometric drawings
• Spool drawings
• Pipe support drawings and detail sheets
• Orthographic drawings 

4. Make field sketches:

• Orthographic 
• Isometric

PPT 1050 - Oxygen-Fuel Cutting and Welding

1. Set up oxyfuel equipment.
2. Light and adjust an oxyfuel cutting torch.
3. Shut down oxyfuel cutting equipment.
4. Disassemble oxyfuel equipment.
5. Change empty cylinders.
6. Perform straight line and square shape cutting.
7. Perform piercing and slot cutting.
8. Perform bevel cutting.
9. Perform washing.

PPT 1060 - Rigging and Pipe Hangers

1. Identify and describe the use of slings and common rigging hardware.
2. Describe basic inspection techniques and rejection criteria used for slings and hardware.
3. Describe basic hitch configurations and their proper connections.
4. Describe basic load-handling safety practices.
5. Demonstrate proper use of American National Standards Institute (ANSI) hand signals.
6. Select and inspect appropriate slings for a lift.
7. Given various loads, determine the proper hitch to be used.
8. Select and inspect appropriate hardware and/or lifting equipment.
9. Demonstrate and/or simulate the proper techniques for connecting hitches.
10. Demonstrate the proper use of all hand signals according to ANSI B30.2 and B30.5.
11. Describe or demonstrate pre-lift safety checks.
12. Demonstrate and/or simulate how to lift the load level.
13. Describe and/or demonstrate safety precautions for attaching and disconnecting a load.

PPT 1071 - Pipe Valve Flange & Fasteners

1. Identify valves that start and stop flow. 
2.  Identify valves that regulate flow. 
3. Identify valves that relieve pressure.
4. Identify valves that regulate the direction of flow. 
5. Identify valve actuators. 
6. Given a select number of valves, match each valve to its given application.
7. Interpret valve markings and nameplate information
8. Explain how to properly store and handle valves. 
9. Explain valve locations and positions. 
10. Explain the factors that influence valve selection.

PPT 2011 - Pipe Types- Schedule of Pipe

1. Identify and explain the types of piping systems. 
2. Identify piping systems according to color-coding. 

• Identify the type of piping system designated by a red color-code.
• Identify the type of piping system designated by a yellow color-code
• Identify the type of piping system designated by a green color-code.
• Identify the type of piping system designated by a bright blue color-code.

PPT 2021 - Fabrication, Piping Diagrams

1. Identify parts of a drawing: 

• Title block
• Scales and measurements
• Symbols and abbreviations
• Notes
• Revision blocks
• Coordinates

2. Interpret the following: 

• Drawing indexes
• Line lists

3. Identify the following types of drawings: 

• Plot plans
• Structural drawings
• Elevation and section drawings
• Equipment arrangement drawings
• P&IDs
• Isometric drawings
• Spool drawings
• Pipe support drawings and detail sheets
• Orthographic drawings 

4. Make field sketches:

• Orthographic 
• Isometric

PPT 2031 - Butt Weld Fabrication

1. Identify various butt weld fittings. 
2. Interpret a butt weld drawing. 
3. Clean a beveled pipe end, using a portable grinder. 
4. Calculate pipe lengths from line drawings, using the center-to-center method.
5. Calculate pipe lengths from line drawings, using the center-to-face method.
6. Calculate pipe lengths from line drawings, using the face-to-face method. 
7. Align straight pipe. 
8. Align a pipe to a 45-degree elbow. 
9. Align a pipe to a 90-degree elbow.
10. Square a pipe into a 90-degree elbow. 
11. Align a pipe to a flange.
12. Align a pipe to a tee. 
13. Install a valve.

PPT 2040 - Socket Weld Fabrication

1. Identify various socket weld fittings. 
2. Interpret socket weld drawings. 
3. Calculate pipe lengths from line drawings, using the center-to-center method.
4. Calculate pipe lengths from line drawings, using the center-to-face method. 
5. Calculate pipe lengths from line drawings, using the face-to-face method. 
6. Align a 90-degree elbow to the end of a pipe. 
7. Square a pipe into a 90-degree elbow. 
8. Align a flange to the end of a pipe.
9. Align a 45-degree elbow to the end of a pipe. 
10. Align pipes joined by a coupling.
11. Install a valve.

PPT 2050 - OSHA Certification

• Develop a safety mind-set and learn valuable skills for their future
• Know their worker rights, employer responsibilities, and how to file a complaint
• Receive a wallet card from the OSHA Training Institute (OTI) that demonstrates to employers that they have received safety training needed in the workplace
• Become more employable, gaining a competitive advantage in the job market

PPT 2060 - Threaded Pipe Fabrication

1. Read and interpret screwed fitting joint drawings. 
2. Determine pipe lengths between fittings, using the center-to-center method.
3. Determine pipe lengths between fittings, using the center-to-face method. 
4. Determine pipe lengths between fittings, using the face-to-face method. 
5. Given the length of travel of a 45-degree piping offset, calculate the length of the set.
6. Given the length of the set and the degree of the fittings, use the table of elbow constants to figure the travel and the run. 
7. Calculate offsets, using the table of multipliers used to calculate offsets. 
8. Calculate the travel of a rolling offset. 
9. Thread pipe, using manual threaders. 
10. Thread pipe, using a threading machine. 
11. Apply pipe joint compound to the male threads of the pipe. 
12. Make up the pipe and fittings. 
13. Install a screwed valve

PPT 2070 - Career Skills

1. Understanding the importance of team mission and goals
2. Understanding the roles team members have in a team
3. Recognizing behaviors that support building relationships with team members
4. Understanding the stages of team development so you can best contribute to a team
5. Recognizing that diversity in skills, experience, and background in team members can strengthen a team
6. Identifying effective communication techniques for team members

B. Teamwork 2

1. Decision making and problem solving techniques
2. Working in empowered teams
3. Removing barriers to effective communications
4. Behaviors needed for different types of teams
5. Managing conflict and focusing on problems, not personalities

C. Business Communications

1. Understanding content
2. Conditions & channels
3. Comprehension and achievement

D. Interpersonal Communications

1. Make up of communication (sender, receiver, message, channel, barriers, and responses).
2. Communicating more effectively
3. Minimizing frustration
4. Productive workplace
5. Connection leads to understanding

E. Time Management

1. Plan and organize your work
2. Set and manage priorities
3. Identify and overcome procrastination 
4. Successfully manage tasks and projects

F. Self-Management

1. Set goals and how to achieve them 
2. Balance work and personal responsibilities
3. Manage emotions and behavior 
4. Cope with stress and change

G. Employer Expectations

1. Understand the importance of work ethic
2. Develop acceptable work behaviors
3. Positive personal presentation
4. Following rules and procedures
5. Fitting in at work
6. Counterproductive behaviors

H. Job Performance Factors

1. Understand the essential elements of personal attitude and the impact or correlation that attitude can have on job performance and ultimately your career success or failure. 
2. Gain a better understanding of what it means to be dependable and responsible in a workplace setting and the lasting consequences of failing to follow through with these behaviors. 
3. Understand the importance of taking the initiative and the role of perseverance and how they relate to personal accountability. 
4. Learn to be more adaptable and flexible, especially when faced with new assignments, procedures, or equipment, as well as understanding when it is ok to say no. 
5. Recognize the importance of learning and skills development within your field, including the concepts of continuous, progressive, and evolving education.

I. Customer Service

1. Define customer service 
2. Identify the difference between customer service as a philosophy and customer service as an organization 
3. Recognize customer service as the responsibility of everyone in the organization 
4. Understand the differences and similarities between internal and external customers 
5. Identify the customer service skills that matter most

J. Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

1. Consider four basic questions to ask when solving problems 
2. Learn to appreciate and identify the range of problem variables 
3. Gain an understanding of the role and importance of problem solving in today’s workplace 
4. Identify common types of workplace problems 
5. Consider problem solving as a cognitive psychological process 
6. Gain an understanding of common cognitive barriers that interfere with problem solving

PPT 3050 - Advanced Pipe Fabrication

•        Calculate simple piping offsets
•        Calculate three-line, 45-degree, equal-spread offsets around a vessel
•        Calculate three-line, 45-degree, unequal spread offsets
•        Fabricate tank heating coils
•        Perform mitering procedures
•        Lay out and construct three and four piece mitered turns
•        Lay out and construct 45-degree laterals, using references or a calculator
•        Fabricate dummy legs and trunions out of pipe using references
•        Perform geometric layout of pipe laterals and supports
•        Lay out and fabricate a wye

PPT 3060 - Advanced Trade Math

•        Understand and utilize trade terms adjacent side, cosine, hypotenuse, opposite side, ratio, reference angle, sine, and tangent
•        Correctly use tables and equivalents
•        Perform right angle trigonometry
•        Correctly calculate takeouts using trigonometry

PPT 3070 - Special Piping

•        Install flared and compression joints using copper tubing
•        Solder and braze joints using copper tubing
•        Bend pipe to specified radius
•        Install glass-lined pipe
•        Understand and model how to install hydraulic fitted compression joints
•        Install grooved pipe couplings

PPT 3080 - Basic Plumbing Standards

•        Describe and recognize the most common unsafe acts and conditions that cause accidents in plumbing
•        Identify basic hand and power tools used in the plumbing trade
•        Demonstrate the proper use of common plumbing tools
•        Identify pictorial (isometric and oblique) schematic and orthographic drawings and discuss how different views are used to depict information and objects
•        Identify the basic symbols used in schematic drawings of pipe assemblies
•        Identify the material properties, storage, and handling requirements of copper piping
•        Identify the types of fittings and valves used with copper piping
•        Identify the techniques used in hanging and supporting copper piping
•        Properly measure, ream, cut, and join copper piping
•        Identify the hazard and safety precautions associated with copper piping

PLC 0001 - Worker Characteristic

PLC 0002 - Worker Charecteristic

PLC 1011 - Intro to Climbing Techniques

1. Identify all required and recommended safety equipment.
2. Demonstrate the knowledge and proper use of climbing equipment.
3. Demonstrate the ability to inspect climbing equipment prior to climbing.
4. Identify the hazards associated with climbing wooden poles.
5. Demonstrate the ability to inspect a wooden pole for defects and hazards prior to climbing.
6. Identify and demonstrate proper climbing ascent, descent, and lateral positioning techniques.
7. Demonstrate the ability to safely climb over obstructions.
8. Demonstrate the ability to withstand working at heights above 32 feet.
9. Demonstrate the ability to perform pole-top and Bucket rescue with and without the presence of a cross arm.
10. Identify the various environmental hazards requiring consistent attention from the climber.
11. Conduct a proper pre-climb inspection of steel poles and towers and the surrounding area.
12. Identify the appropriate climbing routes of various structures.
13. State the practices for safely ascending and descending steel poles and towers.
14. Demonstrate the physical and mental ability to endure the unique stresses of working at high elevations.
15. Safely ascend and descend a steel tower.

PLC 1012 - Intro to Climbing

PLC 1021 - Technology Foundations

PLC 1030 - Transformer Basics

1. Explain how to install a transformer and connect conductors.
2. Identify and read the transformer name plate.

PLC 1041 - Single Phase Construction

1. Describe single-phase construction.
2. Identify the hardware used in aerial framing.
3. Using the standard manual, identify materials, assorted pole hardware, and support arms needed to perform aerial framing on a single-phase pole.
4. Describe, assemble, and install guys.
5. Perform an aerial framing procedure as defined by the instructor.
6. Hand-pull single-phase primary conductors, dead end, and sag.
7. Explain how to install a transformer and connect conductors.

PLC 1042 - Single Phase Construction

PLC 1051 - Safety

1. Identify all requirement and recommended safety equipment.
2. Demonstrate the knowledge and proper use of PPE.
3. Identify the hazards associated with electrical line work.
4. Demonstrate the ability to identify hazards prior to starting work.
5. Identify various environmental hazards.
6. Demonstrate the ability to pre check rubber gloves and rubber goods before usage.
7. Demonstrate the ability to use proper grounding.
8. Demonstrate the ability to identify hazards in your work area such as generators and ungrounded equipment.
9. Define the definition of step and touch potential.
10. Demonstrate the ability to inspect a wooden pole for defects and hazards.

PLC 2011 - Three-Phase Construction

1. Describe three-phase construction.
2. Identify the hardware used in aerial framing.
3. Using the standards manual, identify materials, assorted pole hardware, and support arms. It includes the installation of cross-arms, transformers, and conductors needed to perform aerial framing on:
   1. A single cross-arm
   2. A double cross-arm
   3. A dead triple cross-arm set
   4. An outrig arm
   5. An alley arm
4. Describe, assemble, and install guys.
5. Perform an aerial framing procedure as defined by the instructor.
6. Hand-pull three-phase primary conductors, dead end, and sag.
7. Explain how to install a transformer and connect conductors.

PLC 2012 - Three Phase Construction

PLC 2022 - Power Line Maintenance & Repair

1. State the safety precautions associated with power line maintenance.
2. Describe the requirements for pole and distribution line inspections.
3. Describe the maintenance requirements for pole-mounted equipment and conductors.
4. Replace cross-arms, arrestors, switches, insulators, and associated hardware.
5. Replace an aerial transformer.
6. Re-conductor overhead lines.

PLC 2025 - Truck Driving

PST 0001 - Worker Characteristic

• Attendance
  Character
• Teamwork
• Appearance
• Attitude
• Productivity
• Organizational Skills
• Communication
• Cooperation
• Respect

PST 0002 - Worker Characteristic

• Attendance
• Character
• Teamwork
• Appearance
• Attitude
• Productivity
• Organizational Skills
• Communication
• Cooperation
• Respect

PST 0003 - Worker Characteristic

• Attendance
• Character
• Teamwork
• Appearance
• Attitude
• Productivity
• Organizational Skills
• Communication
• Cooperation
• Respec

PST 1010 - Technology Foundations

Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

Reading

• Reading material such as workplace documents such as messages, emails, letters, directions, signs, bulletins, manuals, policies, contracts, and regulations.
• Using the information read to make job-related decisions and solve problems.
• Identify correct meaning of a word when the word is defined in the reading.
• Identify correct meaning of a word based on how the word is used in passage.
• Identify acronyms, jargons or technical terms that are defined in passage.
• Identify purposes, main idea and/or topics in messages.
• Identify details that support topics in messages.
• Identify needed actions from messages.
• Identify steps, and sub steps, in a set of directions.
• Read/Follow instructions/directions in correct order.
• Read/Follow instructions/directions that include if-then-else statements.
• Read/Follow instructions/directions that include maps, diagrams or floor plans.
• Identify cause and effect in directions.
• Solve problems from troubleshooting directions using cases and effects.
• Apply general reading strategies for reading directions.
• Find information in indexes, tables of contents, and glossaries.

Basic Writing

• Produce writing that consists of complete sentences.
• Exhibit organization of thoughts and ideas.
• Develop writing using proper sentence parts/parts of speech and sentence structure.
• Use punctuation and capitalization appropriately.
• Demonstrate proper use of plural forms for names, compound words and numbers.
• Identify verb tenses and demonstrate using them properly.
• Identify adjectives and adverbs and demonstrate using them properly.
• Identify commonly misspelled words.
• Proofread and edit writing.
• Write structurally, grammatically, and mechanically correct sentences.
• Demonstrate the phases of writing including draft, revision, and final copy.
• Construct an easy-to-follow, logical progression of ideas and information.

Graphic Literacy

• Read, review and interpret simple to more complex graphs, charts (bar, line, & pie), and tables.
• Identify trends and patterns in graphs, charts and/or tables; and locate information in graphs, charts and/or tables.
• Read and interpret blueprints, schematic drawings, diagrams, specifications, and/or work orders/ticketing systems.
• Read and understand various equipment gauges, valves, levels, dials, dashboards, etc. for operation monitoring.
• Follow and understand checklists.
• Practice visualization to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved, rearranged, or newly assembled.
• Demonstrate an understanding of data relationships and comparing trends - variables, dependency, creating summaries, etc.
• Draw conclusions and/or apply data from graphs, charts, and/or tables to specific situations.
• Evaluate information/data to determine compliance with standards.
• Making decisions and solving problems by analyzing information/data and evaluating results.
• Ability to concentrate on a task over time without being distracted.

Applied Mathematics

• Efficiently and accurately solve basic mathematical operations dealing with whole numbers, fractions, decimals and percentages.
• Convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages.
• Apply basic mathematical operations to applied mathematical situations.
• Apply basic graphing and statistical principals to a technical field.
• Efficiently and accurately solve basic algebraic methods and operations.
• Calculate one- and two-step conversions.
• Calculate averages, simple ratios, proportions and rates using whole numbers and decimals.
• Locate and use appropriate formulas.
• Calculate using mixed units.
• Calculate perimeter and areas of basic shapes.
• Calculate percentage discounts or markups.
• Decide what information, calculations, or unit conversions to use to find the answer to a problem.
• Identify where a mistake occurred in a calculation.
• Solve problems that require mathematical operations using mixed units - ie. 6 feet 2 inches.
• Conversions between standard and metric measurements.
• Able to work multiplication and division with ease. 
• Calculate volume of basic shapes.

PST 1020 - Orientation and Safety

• Explain the use of safety notices used in the text book and service manuals.
• Explain the importance of shop safety in a repair shop.
• Describe the personal safety precautions that a technician must follow.
• Adhere to the general shop housekeeping procedures that must be maintained.
• Describe the three basic types of fires.
• Acknowledge the forth type of fire. “D” fires.
• Describe the proper use of the different types of fire extinguishers.
• Know your rights under the Right-To-Know laws.
• Be familiar with the Material Safety Data sheets
• Apply safe work practices in the shop and classroom

PST 1030 - Engines

• Identify the parts of an engine
• Understand and explain the operating principles of an engine
• Describe the carburetor and linkage 
• Apply fundamentals to carburetor service and repair
• Properly tear down, clean and reassemble a carburetor
• Describe the ignition system  
• Properly perform the tune-up procedure
• Explain the basic principles of the charging system
• Perform a charging system test
• Perform a cooling system test
• Perform repairs on all engine systems

PST 1040 - Marine Engines

• Identify the parts of a marine engine
• Understand and explain the operating principles of a marine engine
• Describe the carburetor and linkage of a marine engine
• Apply fundamentals to carburetor service and repair
• Properly tear down, clean and reassemble a carburetor on a marine engine
• Describe the ignition system of a marine engine 
• Properly perform the tune-up procedure
• Explain the basic principles of the charging system of a marine engine
• Perform a charging system test
• Perform a cooling system test
• Properly replace a marine engine water pump

PST 1050 - Drives Clutches &Transmissions I

• Define the major parts of a transmission and drive assembly
• Explain the operating principles of a clutch, transmission and drive system
• List the different types of clutches
• Trace power flow through a transmission, and drive system to the drive wheels
• Explain transmission shift mechanisms
• Understand the operation of electric starter/ignition and safety interlock systems
• Describe the operation and parts of chain, belt and gear drive systems

PST 2010 - Drives Clutches & Transmissions II

• Disassemble and reassemble the major parts of a transmission and drive assembly
• Explain the operating principles of a clutch, transmission and drive system
• Trace power flow through a transmission, and drive system to the drive wheels
• Disassemble and reassemble the different types of shift mechanisms
• Understand the operation of electric starter/ignition and safety interlock systems
• Describe the operation and parts of chain, belt and gear drive systems

PST 2020 - Maintenance and Service

• Describe the types of batteries used in Power Sports Equipment
• Understand the safe care and handling of batteries
• Demonstrate the proper activation and charging of batteries
• Properly test batteries
• Name the components of the lubrication system
• Demonstrate the process of an oil and filter change
• Describe the operation of the cooling system\Properly test and repair the cooling system
• Properly set the valve lash
• Check and repair any issues with the ignition system
• Test and repair the fuel system including the carburetor
• Properly check the tires for wear and leaks
• Properly check and service the drivetrain and transmission

PST 2030 - Midsection Lower Unit

• Explain the operating principles of transmission systems
• Inspect and repair a transmission unit on different types of power sports equipment
• Troubleshoot drive systems
• Rebuild a transmission on an ATV
• Rebuild a transmission on a motorcycle

PST 2040 - Midsection Lower Unit Marine

• Explain the operating principles of marine drive systems
• Inspect and repair a lower units on different types of marine equipment
• Troubleshoot marine drive systems
• Rebuild a marine lower unit using proper safety and measuring

PST 2050 - Frames and Suspension I

• Describe the types of frames and chassis’ used on today’s outdoor power equipment
• Explain the action of suspension systems and engine mounting systems
• Describe Power Sports Equipment safe operating practices
• Service steering assemblies
• Describe the procedures for rebuilding a suspension system
• Perform an alignment on and ATV and UTV
• Explain safe loading and transportation methods and practices for Power Sports Equipment

PST 3010 - Frames and Suspension II

• Describe the types of frames and chassis’ used on today’s outdoor power equipment
• Explain the action of suspension systems and engine mounting systems
  Describe Power Sports Equipment safe operating practices
• Service steering assemblies
• Perform rebuilding of suspension system on an ATV or UTV
• Perform the alignment on an ATV and a UTV
• Explain safe loading and transportation methods and practices for Power Sports Equipment

PST 3020 - Electrical Systems

• Explain the principles of electricity
• Describe the action of electric circuits
• Compare voltage, current and resistance
• Describe the principles of magnetism and magnetic fields
• Identify electrical and electronic components
• Explain different kinds of equipment wiring
• Properly connect and read a voltmeter, ohmmeter and ammeter to a circuit
• Successfully complete repair on power equipment electrical system
• Perform advanced electrical tests and repairs
• Properly read a wiring schematic

PST 3030 - Electrical Systems Marine

• Explain the principles of electricity
• Describe the action of electric circuits
• Compare voltage, current and resistance
• Describe the principles of magnetism and magnetic fields
• Identify electrical and electronic components on marine equipment
• Explain different kinds of marine equipment circuits
• Properly connect and read a voltmeter, ohmmeter and ammeter to a circuit
• Successfully complete repairs on marine electrical system
• Perform advanced electrical tests and repairs
• Properly read a wiring schematic

PST 3040 - Troubleshooting

• Describe the correct process of troubleshooting power sports equipment
• Perform the proper steps of troubleshooting power sports equipment
• Explain the malfunction of the equipment
• Properly complete the repair

PST 3050 - Troubleshooting Marine

• Describe the correct process of troubleshooting marine equipment
• Perform the proper steps of troubleshooting marine equipment
• Explain the malfunction of the equipment
• Properly complete the repair

LPN (non-req) 0001 - Worker Characteristic

Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Attendance 
   1. Attends class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character 
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is asked of them.
3. Teamwork 
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance 
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude 
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity 
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
   5. Organization Skills 
   6. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   7. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
7. Communications 
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
8. Cooperation 
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities.
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   5. Follows requests of instructor.
9. Respect 
   1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
   2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
   3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

LPN (non-req) 0002 - Worker Characteristic

Vocational Relations (VR):
This content area introduces the student to the profession of nursing. The origins of nursing, the present state of the profession, and the trends for the future of practical nursing are discussed. The legal and ethical aspects of nursing are included. Nursing functions, roles, rights, and responsibilities are defined. Trends in nursing and nursing education will be explored in the light of current realities with knowledge that nursing is a responsible social discipline and all nurses must be concerned about health maintenance. Emphasis will be placed upon the practical nurse’s functions, ethical and legal rights and responsibilities as a health care provider.

Nutrition and Diet Therapy:
Nutrition provides the student practical nurse with information related to the fundamental principles of normal nutrition.  Included in this content area is a study of the basic nutrients, the use of guides for evaluation and planning of normal diets, principles for the safe and economic selection and preparation of food, and a study of selected food legislation.  Factors such as age, cultural and religious practices, and socioeconomic conditions are presented as influences on a client’s nutritional well-being. The study of basic nutrition is presented as applicable to the students own daily living habits as well as in the client care situations.  The need for an understanding of normal nutrition as a basis for the study of therapeutic diets is discussed.

Geriatric Nursing:
This content area introduces geriatric nursing and the leadership role of the practical nurse caring for older adults in long-term care environments. The normal aging process is explored with emphasis on promoting, maintaining, and restoring health in older adults.  Beside the sociological, psychological, and physiological aspects of aging, this unit will also incorporate the financial, safety, and pharmacological aspects of aging. The curriculum, using the nursing process and basic human needs as a framework will integrate cultural diversity, legal/ethical considerations, and the communication process to provide holistic care to the geriatric client.

Student Learning Outcomes:
Vocational Relations (VR): 

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize the past, present, and changing role of the practical and professional nurse and the role of the members of the health team.
2. Assume personal responsibility for acquiring the knowledge of the practical nurse.
3. Recognize the ethical and legal responsibilities of the practical nurse as he/she relates to the client, family, physician, professional nurse, employer, and co-worker.
   1. Client rights
   2. Good Samaritan Laws
   3. Malpractice
   4. Current issues in medical ethics
   5. Confidentiality/ Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
   6. Legal aspects of nursing practice
   7. Health care facility security
   8. Fire safety
   9. Multicultural diversity
4. Identify the extent of the responsibility and the protection afforded by the Nurse Practice Act.
5. Recognize the importance of health organizations and the need for active participation in practical nursing organizations.
6. Recognize career opportunities as well as the need for continuing education.
7. Identify and utilize basic various forms of communication. 
   1. Verbal and nonverbal communication skills
   2. Positive and therapeutic group dynamics 
   3. Develop listening skills- Active and Passive 
   4. Utilize medical terminology

Nutrition and Diet Therapy:                                                                                       

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize that nutrition plays a vital role in the total well-being of an individual.
   1. State the common characteristics of a well-nourished vs. malnourished person
   2. Discuss the relationship between food, health, and wellness
   3. Discuss the need for nurses to be knowledgeable of nutrition
   4. Describe a detailed nutritional assessment
   5. Discuss the water compartments in the body
   6. Define and discuss the process of digestion, absorption and metabolism
   7. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
2. Identify the functions, requirements, and sources of basic nutrients.
   1. State the essential nutrients and discuss their primary functions
   2. Discuss the functions, primary sources and classifications of carbohydrates
   3. Discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination of carbohydrates
   4. Discuss the function and composition of protein in the body
   5. Describe the differences between complete and incomplete proteins
   6. Discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and elimination of proteins
   7. Discuss the functions, sources and classifications of fats in the body
   8. Discuss the process of digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination of fats
   9. State the function of water in the body
   10. State functions and food sources of each vitamin
   11. Discuss the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
   12. Discuss the major minerals, their sources and functions of each mineral
   13. Discuss the minor minerals, their sources and functions of each miner
3. Use basic guides for the evaluation and selection of normal diets for individuals throughout the life cycle
   1. Demonstrate the ability to calculate basal metabolic rate (BMR), as well as body mass index (BM
   2. Calculate the average energy requirement Kcal needed for a client
   3. Define a balanced diet to identify ways diets can be modified for therapeutic effect
   4. Identify the basic food groups and the chief nutrients each group provide
   5. Identify nutritional requirements for pregnancy/lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, young-, middle-, and older- adulthood
4. Recognize the influence of physical, cultural, religious and socioeconomic factors on nutrition and factors influencing a client’s ability to adjust to prescribed dietary changes.
   1. Discuss the importance nutritional counseling
   2. Discuss criteria for planning appetizing meals
   3. Describe factors influencing the client’s ability to adjust to a prescribed diet therapy
   4. Discuss the development of food customs
   5. List food customs of various cultural groups
   6. Describe unusual food habits (i.e., pica, etc.) and possible food-related disorders
5. Identify the uses and therapeutic effects of diets associated with common medical-surgical/psychological disorders.
   1. Describe the nutritional diets and list foods found in each
   2. Discuss methods for prevention and treatment of obesity
   3. Discuss underweight dangers, causes and treatment
   4. Define and discuss the types of food allergic reactions and treatments
6. Describe methods of storing, preparing, and handling food safely
   1. Discuss illnesses caused by microorganisms in foods and list symptoms of each
   2. State methods for the prevention of food-borne illnesses
7. Identify the effects of excesses and deficiencies of the basic nutrients on physiologic functioning.
   1. Describe the effects of protein deficiency on the healing process
   2. Describe the disease processes associated with excessive consumption of fats
   3. Describe and discuss the causes of water imbalance
   4. Discuss acid-base balance of the human body
   5. Discuss each vitamin deficit and the related symptoms
   6. Discuss methods to avoid mineral deficiencies
   7. Discuss mineral and vitamin toxicity 
8. Recognize critical elements pertaining to nutrition received by oral diets, enteral, and parenteral nutrition.
   1. Understand the differences in how oral diets may be categorized based upon texture/consistency and therapeutic need.  (Ex:  Regular vs a mechanically altered diet) 
   2. Monitor the client’s ability to chew and swallow
   3. Understand the role speech therapists/speech language pathologists play in evaluation of client’s abilities to identify diet needs for optimal nutrition
   4. Provide and reinforce client teaching as necessary in regards to education on special diets:  diabetic, cardiac/low sodium, etc.
   5. Evaluate client’s response/tolerance of diet and report to physician as appropriate
   6. Identify clients at risk for aspiration, ex:  feeding tubes, swallowing difficulties
   7. Understand the need for enteral nutrition and the various routes it may be administered, ex: nasogastric, gastrostomy, jejunostomy
   8. Monitor client’s weight and labs as appropriate to evaluate if nutritional needs are being met
   9. Promote client’s independence in eating

Geriatric Nursing:

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Identify developmental and physiologic changes related to aging.
   1. Describe the physical and emotional effects of the aging process
   2. Describe some common physical changes among the elderly
   3. Describe the body system changes which take place with aging
2. Discuss the biological, developmental and psychosocial theories of aging.
   1. List some common myths and stereotypes about the aged and aging
   2. Describe philosophies of the major theorists on aging
   3. Describe Erickson’s stage of integrity vs. despair
3. Identify alterations common to aging in the health of the older adult and nursing interventions to promote wellness.
   1. Apply theoretical knowledge in providing basic care and health teaching to the geriatric client
   2. Describe the importance of relationships and stimulation
   3. Describe nursing measures to assist an older person to meet nutritional needs, elimination, and personal hygiene
   4. Describe ways to help the elderly balance activities and rest
   5. Describe the special needs and problems as related to the elderly
   6. State nursing measures to assist an older person to meet communication needs
4. Discuss the concerns of aging persons concerning socioeconomic, safety, security, cultural, psychosocial, physical, legal and ethical factors.
   1. Describe how an elderly person compensates for impaired proprioception
   2. Describe family dynamics involved in the caregiving of a geriatric patient
   3. List ways to help the elderly person in completing activities of daily living (ADLs)
   4. List risk factors for falls in the geriatric population 
   5. List community resources for elderly people and include members of the team 
   6. Discuss the dynamics of abuse among the elderly
   7. Recognize problems of the dying patient
   8. Describe important aspects of nursing care for the dying patient
   9. Discuss needs of the family of the dying patient
   10. Evaluate personal beliefs and ideas about the death and dying process
   11. Describe the five stages of death and dying (Elizabeth Kubler-Ross)
   12. State the signs of approaching death
   13. Describe techniques for informing and supporting family members when death is imminent
   14. Describe nursing responsibilities associated with postmortem care
   15. Describe the Patient’s Bill of Rights
   16. Describe differences in assisted living, adult day care, intermediate and skilled facilities, respite and hospice, and home care entities
   17. Discuss guidelines for advanced directive, the living will, and power of attorney and do not resuscitate orders
   18. Discuss guidelines for organ donation
   19. Discuss the appropriate use of physical and chemical restraints, alternative measures and legal issues
5. Discuss problems, treatments and nursing interventions related to common diseases/disorders of the elderly.
   1. Define primary degenerative dementia and secondary dementia
   2. Describe Alzheimer’s disease, physiological changes and theories related to causes
   3. Describe nursing care of a patient with dementia
   4. Identify differences between delirium and dementia
   5. Define and describe rehabilitation nursing, bowel/bladder training, and skin care, mobility training and adaptive devices
   6. Discuss the leadership role of the Practical Nurse in the care of the geriatric client.

LPN (non-req) 0003 - Worker Characteristic

Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Attendance 
   1. Attends class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character 
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is asked of them.
3. Teamwork 
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance 
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude 
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity 
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills 
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communications 
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation 
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities.
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   5. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect 
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

LPN (non-req) 1010 - Basic Nursing Principles

Vocational Relations (VR):
This content area introduces the student to the profession of nursing. The origins of nursing, the present state of the profession, and the trends for the future of practical nursing are discussed. The legal and ethical aspects of nursing are included. Nursing functions, roles, rights, and responsibilities are defined. Trends in nursing and nursing education will be explored in the light of current realities with knowledge that nursing is a responsible social discipline and all nurses must be concerned about health maintenance. Emphasis will be placed upon the practical nurse’s functions, ethical and legal rights and responsibilities as a health care provider.

Nutrition and Diet Therapy:
Nutrition provides the student practical nurse with information related to the fundamental principles of normal nutrition.  Included in this content area is a study of the basic nutrients, the use of guides for evaluation and planning of normal diets, principles for the safe and economic selection and preparation of food, and a study of selected food legislation.  Factors such as age, cultural and religious practices, and socioeconomic conditions are presented as influences on a client’s nutritional well-being. The study of basic nutrition is presented as applicable to the students own daily living habits as well as in the client care situations.  The need for an understanding of normal nutrition as a basis for the study of therapeutic diets is discussed.

Geriatric Nursing:
This content area introduces geriatric nursing and the leadership role of the practical nurse caring for older adults in long-term care environments. The normal aging process is explored with emphasis on promoting, maintaining, and restoring health in older adults.  Beside the sociological, psychological, and physiological aspects of aging, this unit will also incorporate the financial, safety, and pharmacological aspects of aging. The curriculum, using the nursing process and basic human needs as a framework will integrate cultural diversity, legal/ethical considerations, and the communication process to provide holistic care to the geriatric client.

 

Student Learning Outcomes:
Vocational Relations (VR): 

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize the past, present, and changing role of the practical and professional nurse and the role of the members of the health team.
2. Assume personal responsibility for acquiring the knowledge of the practical nurse.
3. Recognize the ethical and legal responsibilities of the practical nurse as he/she relates to the client, family, physician, professional nurse, employer, and co-worker.
   1. Client rights
   2. Good Samaritan Laws
   3. Malpractice
   4. Current issues in medical ethics
   5. Confidentiality/ Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
   6. Legal aspects of nursing practice
   7. Health care facility security
   8. Fire safety
   9. Multicultural diversity
4. Identify the extent of the responsibility and the protection afforded by the Nurse Practice Act.
5. Recognize the importance of health organizations and the need for active participation in practical nursing organizations.
6. Recognize career opportunities as well as the need for continuing education.
7. Identify and utilize basic various forms of communication. 
   1. Verbal and nonverbal communication skills
   2. Positive and therapeutic group dynamics 
   3. Develop listening skills- Active and Passive 
   4. Utilize medical terminology

Nutrition and Diet Therapy:                                                                                       

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize that nutrition plays a vital role in the total well-being of an individual.
   1. State the common characteristics of a well-nourished vs. malnourished person
   2. Discuss the relationship between food, health, and wellness
   3. Discuss the need for nurses to be knowledgeable of nutrition
   4. Describe a detailed nutritional assessment
   5. Discuss the water compartments in the body
   6. Define and discuss the process of digestion, absorption and metabolism
   7. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
2. Identify the functions, requirements, and sources of basic nutrients.
   1. State the essential nutrients and discuss their primary functions
   2. Discuss the functions, primary sources and classifications of carbohydrates
   3. Discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination of carbohydrates
   4. Discuss the function and composition of protein in the body
   5. Describe the differences between complete and incomplete proteins
   6. Discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and elimination of proteins
   7. Discuss the functions, sources and classifications of fats in the body
   8. Discuss the process of digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination of fats
   9. State the function of water in the body
   10. State functions and food sources of each vitamin
   11. Discuss the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
   12. Discuss the major minerals, their sources and functions of each mineral
   13. Discuss the minor minerals, their sources and functions of each mineral
3. Use basic guides for the evaluation and selection of normal diets for individuals throughout the life cycle.
   1. Demonstrate the ability to calculate basal metabolic rate (BMR), as well as body mass index (BMI)
   2. Calculate the average energy requirement Kcal needed for a client
   3. Define a balanced diet to identify ways diets can be modified for therapeutic effects
   4. Identify the basic food groups and the chief nutrients each group provides
   5. Identify nutritional requirements for pregnancy/lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, young-, middle-, and older- adulthood
4. Recognize the influence of physical, cultural, religious and socioeconomic factors on nutrition and factors influencing a client’s ability to adjust to prescribed dietary changes.
   1. Discuss the importance nutritional counseling
   2. Discuss criteria for planning appetizing meals
   3. Describe factors influencing the client’s ability to adjust to a prescribed diet therapy
   4. Discuss the development of food customs
   5. List food customs of various cultural groups
   6. Describe unusual food habits (i.e., pica, etc.) and possible food-related disorders
5. Identify the uses and therapeutic effects of diets associated with common medical-surgical/psychological disorders.
   1. Describe the nutritional diets and list foods found in each
   2. Discuss methods for prevention and treatment of obesity
   3. Discuss underweight dangers, causes and treatment
   4. Define and discuss the types of food allergic reactions and treatments
6. Describe methods of storing, preparing, and handling food safely.
   1. Discuss illnesses caused by microorganisms in foods and list symptoms of each
   2. State methods for the prevention of food-borne illnesses
7. Identify the effects of excesses and deficiencies of the basic nutrients on physiologic functioning.
   1. Describe the effects of protein deficiency on the healing process
   2. Describe the disease processes associated with excessive consumption of fats
   3. Describe and discuss the causes of water imbalance
   4. Discuss acid-base balance of the human body
   5. Discuss each vitamin deficit and the related symptoms
   6. Discuss methods to avoid mineral deficiencies
   7. Discuss mineral and vitamin toxicity 
8. Recognize critical elements pertaining to nutrition received by oral diets, enteral, and parenteral nutrition.
   1. Understand the differences in how oral diets may be categorized based upon texture/consistency and therapeutic need.  (Ex:  Regular vs a mechanically altered diet) 
   2. Monitor the client’s ability to chew and swallow
   3. Understand the role speech therapists/speech language pathologists play in evaluation of client’s abilities to identify diet needs for optimal nutrition
   4. Provide and reinforce client teaching as necessary in regards to education on special diets:  diabetic, cardiac/low sodium, etc.
   5. Evaluate client’s response/tolerance of diet and report to physician as appropriate
   6. Identify clients at risk for aspiration, ex:  feeding tubes, swallowing difficulties
   7. Understand the need for enteral nutrition and the various routes it may be administered, ex: nasogastric, gastrostomy, jejunostomy
   8. Monitor client’s weight and labs as appropriate to evaluate if nutritional needs are being met
   9. Promote client’s independence in eating

Geriatric Nursing:

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Identify developmental and physiologic changes related to aging.
   1. Describe the physical and emotional effects of the aging process
   2. Describe some common physical changes among the elderly
   3. Describe the body system changes which take place with aging
2. Discuss the biological, developmental and psychosocial theories of aging.
   1. List some common myths and stereotypes about the aged and aging
   2. Describe philosophies of the major theorists on aging
   3. Describe Erickson’s stage of integrity vs. despair
3. Identify alterations common to aging in the health of the older adult and nursing interventions to promote wellness.
   1. Apply theoretical knowledge in providing basic care and health teaching to the geriatric client
   2. Describe the importance of relationships and stimulation
   3. Describe nursing measures to assist an older person to meet nutritional needs, elimination, and personal hygiene
   4. Describe ways to help the elderly balance activities and rest
   5. Describe the special needs and problems as related to the elderly
   6. State nursing measures to assist an older person to meet communication needs
4. Discuss the concerns of aging persons concerning socioeconomic, safety, security, cultural, psychosocial, physical, legal and ethical factors.
   1. Describe how an elderly person compensates for impaired proprioception
   2. Describe family dynamics involved in the caregiving of a geriatric patient
   3. List ways to help the elderly person in completing activities of daily living (ADLs)
   4. List risk factors for falls in the geriatric population 
   5. List community resources for elderly people and include members of the team 
   6. Discuss the dynamics of abuse among the elderly
   7. Recognize problems of the dying patient
   8. Describe important aspects of nursing care for the dying patient
   9. Discuss needs of the family of the dying patient
   10. Evaluate personal beliefs and ideas about the death and dying process
   11. Describe the five stages of death and dying (Elizabeth Kubler-Ross)
   12. State the signs of approaching death
   13. Describe techniques for informing and supporting family members when death is imminent
   14. Describe nursing responsibilities associated with postmortem care
   15. Describe the Patient’s Bill of Rights
   16. Describe differences in assisted living, adult day care, intermediate and skilled facilities, respite and hospice, and home care entities
   17. Discuss guidelines for advanced directive, the living will, and power of attorney and do not resuscitate orders
   18. Discuss guidelines for organ donation
   19. Discuss the appropriate use of physical and chemical restraints, alternative measures and legal issues
5. Discuss problems, treatments and nursing interventions related to common diseases/disorders of the elderly.
   1. Define primary degenerative dementia and secondary dementia
   2. Describe Alzheimer’s disease, physiological changes and theories related to causes
   3. Describe nursing care of a patient with dementia
   4. Identify differences between delirium and dementia
   5. Define and describe rehabilitation nursing, bowel/bladder training, and skin care, mobility training and adaptive devices
6. Discuss the leadership role of the Practical Nurse in the care of the geriatric client.

LPN (non-req) 1020 - Fundamentals of Nursing

1. Identify and utilize scientific principles and fundamental skills to give nursing care.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of safe nursing practice by observing and instituting safety measures as needed.
3. Demonstrate knowledge of assessment skills.
4. Identify his/her role as a member of the healthcare team.
5. Acknowledge the client’s rights and respect each client as an individual.
6. Provide appropriate nursing care, recognizing that all clients have the same basic needs of personal care and hygiene.
7. Adapt nursing care appropriately to meet the needs of the acute or chronically ill/disabled person throughout the life span.
8. Utilize the nursing process to provide individualized nursing care.
9. Recognize the influence of multicultural differences in nursing care.
10. Utilize various methods of documentation in the implementation and evaluation of nursing care, including but not limited to the following:
    1. Charting by exception
    2. Computerized documentation
    3. Diagnoses, Action and Response (DAR)
    4. Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning (SOAP)
    5. Narrative
    6. Other acceptable methods
11. Demonstrates appropriate nursing documentation.
12. Demonstrate knowledge of client care organization and prioritization.
13. Use information technology in client care.
14. Apply evidence-based practice when providing client care. 
15. Recognize reportable changes in client’s health status. 
16. Accurately obtain and document vital signs on appropriate forms.
17. Utilize observational, assessment, and communication skills in client care.
18. Provide nursing measures designed to prevent complications of immobility.
19. Complete a client assessment including:
    1. nursing history
    2. physical assessment
    3. height/weight
    4. vital signs
20. Observe and demonstrate proper knowledge of the following:
    1. standard precautions
    2. isolation procedures
    3. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines
    4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines
    5. Joint Commission (JCAHO) guidelines
21. Incorporate patient teaching and reinforcement as indicated by client care need
22. Identify principles related to emergency nursing including but not limited to:
    1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
    2. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Use 
    3. Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
    4. First Aid
23. Identify the Practical Nurse’s role in emergency situations.
24. Identify the principles of standard /universal precautions related to emergency situations.
25. Recognize the Practical Nurse’s legal and ethical responsibilities, including:   
    1. Good Samaritan Law
    2. Common Legal Issue
26. Identify physiological and psychological needs in emergency situations.
27. Identify standardized policies and procedure referring to:
    1. Fire
    2. Biohazard (i.e. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), Blood borne pathogens, etc.)
    3. Disaster- Both internal and external

LPN (non-req) 1030 - Administer of Medication & Basic IV Theory

1. Demonstrate knowledge of math skills:
   1. Demonstrate how basic mathematics is important to the safe preparation and       administration of medications
   2. Define the principle used to round-off numbers in the decimal system 
2. Compute dosages relating to the calculations of drugs and solutions and recognize the computation of fractional doses must be confirmed. 
   1. Define the metric, apothecary and household systems of measurement,              identifying the fundamental units of each 
   2. Discuss the rationale for placing a 0 (zero) before a decimal point 
   3. Identify the most commonly used equivalents in the medical field and their abbreviations 
   4. Utilize methods used in conversion from one system or unit to another i.e.        ratio/proportion
   5. Utilize ratio-proportion and formula methods to compute medication dosage:
      1. Dose desired divided by available dosage multiplied by quantity equals amount to give
      2. Solve for x using various formulas
      3. Dimensional Analysis
      4. Formulas used in pediatric medications: Fried’s, Clark’s, and Young’s rules 
3. Utilize selected scientific principles relative to the administration of medications.
   1. Define pharmacology
   2. Discuss the nurse’s responsibilities for administration of drug therapy
   3. Identify the laws and ethical considerations that relate to medical and nursing         practice and drug therapy
   4. Discuss factors affecting therapeutic and non-therapeutic drug actions
   5. Define abbreviations commonly used in administration of medications
   6. Identify sources of drugs; i.e., animals, plants, etc.
   7. Distinguish between generic and trade names of drugs
   8. Identify forms of medications; i.e., tablets, elixirs, solutions, etc.
   9. Define classifications of medications; i.e., analgesics, antimicrobials, cardiotonics, etc.
   10. Identify information sources (references) for drugs
4.  Identify and demonstrate the principles related to the administration of medications.
   1. Discuss the importance of a client assessment prior to administration of medications
   2. List requirements of a complete drug order or prescription
   3. Identify parts of the drug label
   4. Discuss forms of drug packaging: vial, ampule, unit dose, etc.
   5. Discuss the “Rights” of proper drug administration
   6. Discuss knowledge and skills needed to implement the “rights” of drug administration
   7. Identify, describe, and demonstrate the routes/sites/methods for administrating medications; i.e., enteral, topical, parenteral (including heparin and insulins) etc.
   8. Identify special considerations to be observed when administering medications
   9. Discuss the steps of the nursing process as it relates to the administration of medications
   10. Define and discuss medication errors and contributing factors
   11. Identify elements in documentation for safe administration of medications
   12. Discuss principles of proper and safe storage of medications
   13. List the parts of the syringe and their functions
   14. List equipment required for oral, parenteral, and intravenous drug administration
   15. Differentiate drug dosage forms for various routes and purposes of administration
   16. Discuss principles for selection of syringe/needle size used in intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), intradermal (ID) and intravenous (IV) routes of administration in adult and pediatric clients
   17. Demonstrate principles for preparing medications from powder, vial, ampule, topicals, and liquids
   18. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of oral, parenteral, and topical routes of drug administration
   19. Discuss guidelines for rational choices of drugs, dosages, routes, and times of administration
   20. Discuss safety precautions for maintaining an intravenous line
   21. Discuss safety precautions in administration of medications including needle stick safety
5. Discuss the administration of medications to the geriatric client.
   1. Describe how pharmacokinetic change during aging and why medications may affect the elderly differently
   2. Identify factors increasing the risk of medication-related problems
   3. Discuss how responses to medications are less predictable in an older person
   4. Identify common drugs used in geriatrics and their common side effects
6. Discuss important nursing concepts in relation to the process of venipuncture. 
   1. Discuss important aspects of patient preparation for insertion of an intravenous (IV) cannula
   2. Compare and contrast the characteristics between veins and arteries
   3. Identify advantages and disadvantages of selecting each hand or arm vein for intravenous (IV) therapy
   4. Contrast characteristics and uses of the various venipuncture devices
   5. Describe the clinical sequences for a successful intravenous (IV) cannulation
7. Display knowledge of nursing practice in relation to infusion therapy. 
   1. Be knowledgeable of the state nurse practice act as it relates to intravenous (IV) therapy
   2. Describe the sequential steps for administration of intravenous (IV) infusion solutions
   3. Discuss the safety recommendations that reduce exposure to needlestick injuries and exposure to patient body fluids during intravenous (IV) therapy
   4. List the factors that interfere with the delivery of accurate IV flow rates by gravity infusion and the interventions that promote accurate infusion delivery
   5. Verbalize the nursing strategies that prevent intravenous (IV) therapy-related problems
   6. Identify requirements for documentation of intravenous (IV) infusions
8. Discuss client care and nursing practice of practical nurses in relation to central venous catheters. 
   1. Describe the types and features of central venous catheters (also called central lines or CVLs)
   2. Identify the major complications associated with central venous access devices: air embolus, fibrin sheath, occlusion sepsis, and superior vena cava syndrome
   3. Be knowledgeable of the state nurse practice act as it relates to central venous catheters
9. Discuss client care and nursing practice of practical nurses in relation to peripherally inserted central catheters. 
   1. Describe the types and features of the peripherally inserted central catheters (also called PIC catheters or PICCs)
   2. Identify the major complications associated with PICCs
   3. Be knowledgeable of the state nurse practice act as it relates to peripherally inserted central catheters
10. Discuss why and when intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is needed and the components of how the correct fluid type is selected. 
    1. Name the two major fluid compartments in the body
    2. Discuss the processes by which fluid balance is maintained
    3. Identify important measures of electrolyte balance
    4. Summarize the differences between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions
    5. Recognize clinical features for fluid volume deficit and fluid volume excess
    6. Understand the difference between fluid replacement and fluid maintenance in relation to IV fluid therapy
11. Demonstrate knowledge of intravenous (IV) medication administration and the practical nurse’s scope of practice. 
    1. Verbalize the sequential steps for intravenous (IV) drug administration
    2. Identify critical elements of therapeutic drug monitoring when the drug is administrated intravenously
    3. List immediate actions to be taken in the event of an adverse drug reaction
    4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various routes of intravenous (IV) drug administration
    5. Describe features that differ among intravenous (IV) infusion pumps
12. Demonstrate knowledge of blood and blood component administration and the practical nurse’s scope of practice. 
    1. Recognize potential signs and symptoms for acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
    2. Describe the nursing management process for blood and blood product transfusion reaction
13. Demonstrate knowledge of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration and the practical nurse’s scope of practice. 
    1. Describe the indications and contraindications of total parenteral nutrition
    2. Discuss the components of a nutritional assessment
    3. Recognize the common diagnostic laboratory values used to monitor TPN
    4. Identify the potential complications of TPN

LPN (non-req) 1040 - Anatomy and Physiology

1. Identify and define the basic sciences and how they affect the growth and maintenance of the human body.
   1. Define anatomy and physiology
   2. Discuss and identify prefixes, roots, and suffixes commonly used in relation to the human body
   3. Describe the organization of the body in terms of cells, tissues, organs, and systems
   4. Describe the roles and actions of chromosomes
   5. Identify characteristics of cells, list the major cell structures and describe the function of each
   6. Describe the structure and function of a glandular, soft, hard, connective, and muscle tissue
   7. Define membrane; give major types, and examples of each and their functions
   8. Discuss the anatomic terms that apply to body positions, directions, and cavities
   9. Identify organs composing the major body systems and their locations
   10. Define microorganisms, how they reproduce, and identify complications caused by microorganisms in human pathology
2. Integrate the concepts of Basic Anatomy & Physiology into holistic nursing care as defined by promotion, maintenance, and restoration of an individual.
   1. Define homeostasis
   2. Define positive and negative feedback and their application to the maintenance of homeostasis
   3. Differentiate between health and disease 
   4. Explain fluid balance in the human body
3. Name and define body systems and how they work together as an integrated whole.
   1. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
      1. List and describe the three types of muscle tissue. 
      2. Describe oxygen debt and how exercise affects muscles.
      3. Locate and name the major muscle groups and identify their major action.
      4. Classify the major muscles of the body as abductors, adductors, levators, depressors, flexors, extensors, rotators, or sphincters.
      5. List the ways age changes muscles.
      6. Discuss functions of the skeletal system.
      7. List the types of bones and give an example of each.
      8. Explain the different markings and landmarks of bones. 
      9. Locate and name the major bones of the body and describe their function.
      10. Differentiate between red and yellow bone marrow.
      11. Name the types of joints and give an example of each.
      12. Describe and locate the different spinal curvatures. 
      13. Explain the purpose of fontanels in the infant.
      14. Differentiate between the male and female pelvis. 
   2. NERVOUS SYSTEM
      1. Describe the organization of the nervous system.
      2. Explain the structure and function of a neuron.
      3. Describe how nerves are made up of neurons and neuron fibers. 
      4. Discuss dendrite, axon, neurilemma, neuroglia, and myelin.
      5. Describe the role myelin plays in nerve impulse conduction. 
      6. Identify functions of the sensory, motor, and connecting neuron.
      7. List the steps of an action potential. 
      8. List some basic steps of nerve transmission at a synapse and list several neurotransmitters. 
      9. Describe the functions of the spinal cord.
      10. Describe the differences and distribution of white and gray matter in the spinal cord. 
      11. Compare the differences of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. 
      12. Identify the locations and describe the functions of the four divisions of the brain 
      13. List and describe the meninges. 
      14. Describe the function, location, and formation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 
      15. Identify the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and describe their function. 
      16. List the subdivisions of the brain stem and their functions. 
      17. Describe the cerebellum and its function. 
      18. List the names and functions of the cranial nerves. 
   3. SENSORY SYSTEM
      1. Describe the functions of the sensory system.
      2. List the differences between special and general senses. 
      3. Identify the major structures of the ear and describe the function of each.
      4. Identify the major structures of the eye and describe the function of each.
      5. Describe the relationship between gustation and olfaction.
      6. Describe the functions of the cranial nerves in relation to the senses.   
      7. Describe how the sense of touch functions.
      8. Explain proprioceptors and equilibrium.
      9. Describe the function of hearing and hearing receptors. 
      10. Explain sensory adaptation. 
   4. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
      1. Explain the functions of blood and how blood cells are formed. 
      2. Describe the components of plasma and describe the three types of formed elements found in blood. 
      3. Describe the five types of leukocytes and their functions.
      4. Define hemostasis and list the steps in blood clotting. 
      5. Explain how blood is typed and why it is important to accurately type blood for transfusions. 
      6. Discuss the four blood groups and compatibility.
      7. Define Rh.
      8. Describe the five different types of blood vessels along with their functions.
      9. Compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
      10. Describe the location and function of coronary arteries.
      11. Describe the circulation through the heart.
      12. Explain the hepatic portal system and its function.
      13. Describe the differences between deep and superficial veins.
      14. List factors that regulate blood flow. 
      15. Describe the three layers of the heart wall and explain the function and structure of the pericardium.
      16. Describe the four heart chambers and the differences between the right and left sides of the heart.
      17. List the sections of the aorta and the main branches of each section.
      18. Describe the heart valves’ location and function. 
      19. Describe the cardiac cycle, pulse, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
      20. List the components of and describe the function of the heart’s conduction system.
   5. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
      1. Define and describe respiration and its phases. 
      2. Identify and name the major structures of the respiratory system and describe their function.
      3. Identify the protective mechanisms within the nose, pharynx, and larynx.
      4. Differentiate between the right and left lung in terms of structure.
      5. Describe pleura and its actions.
      6. Describe the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the respiratory and circulatory systems. 
      7. Explain how respiration is controlled by the nervous system and also by chemicals within the body.
      8. Describe normal and abnormal breathing patterns.
   6. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
      1. List the functions of the digestive system.
      2. Describe the digestive pathway, naming each major organ.
      3. Describe the layers of the digestive tract and the peritoneum. 
      4. Describe the function of the large and small intestines
      5. Identify and describe the accessory organs of the digestive system.
      6. Describe the bile ducts and the function of bile. 
      7. Define and state the function of peristalsis, chyme, rugae, gastrin, mastication, digestion, absorption, villi, feces, peritoneum, and mesentery.
      8. List the major digestive enzymes and describe their function.  
      9. Describe the digestion of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 
      10. Identify hormones that aid and regulate digestion. 
      11. Define metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, and basal metabolic rate (BMR).
   7. URINARY/RENAL/FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES
      1. Describe the functions of the urinary systems and discuss how it works with other systems for waste elimination. 
      2. List the parts of the urinary system and describe their functions. 
      3. Define intake and output, dehydration, and edema.
      4. Describe the action of the nephron in eliminating wastes from the body.
      5. List the processes involved in urine formation.
      6. Explain how ADH affects urine formation.
      7. List the normal and abnormal components of urine.
      8. Describe the process of micturition or voiding.
      9. Differentiate between intracellular and extracellular water compartments.
      10. Differentiate between interstitial and vascular fluid.
      11. Define elements, atom, ion, electrolyte, cation, anion, salt, acid and base.
      12. Describe the major functions of electrolytes in the human body, naming the most common intra- and extra-cellular electrolytes.
      13. Explain how acid-base balance relates to homeostasis and define pH and its balance.
   8. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM/GENETICS
      1. Describe the structures and functions of the reproductive organs in the male and female.
      2. Describe the accessory organs of the male and female reproductive systems.
      3. Differentiate between the male and female gonads and describe their functions.
      4. Describe meiosis. 
      5. Identify secondary sex characteristics in the adult male and female.
      6. Explain the menstrual cycle and how hormones affect it.
      7. List the functions of the male and female sex hormones. 
      8. Explain the effects of negative feedback on reproduction. 
      9. Describe how menopause affects the body. 
      10. Describe a gene and differentiate between dominant and recessive genes.
      11. Define heredity.
      12. Explain how a person can be a carrier of a genetic trait.
      13. Describe how the sex is determined in a human embryo.
   9. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
      1. Relate and compare the effects of the nervous system and the endocrine system in controlling bodily functions.
      2. Explain the function of hormones and how they are regulated.
      3. Identify structures (glands) located within the endocrine system.
      4. List the specific hormones produced by the endocrine glands and the hormone’s effect on the body.
      5. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands.
      6. Describe the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary.
      7. List effects of excessive or decreased amounts of hormone secretion.
      8. Define prostaglandin and differentiate between prostaglandins and hormones.
      9. Describe how the endocrine system responds to stress.
   10. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
       1. Describe the lymphatic circulation and its function.
       2. Describe the functions of the spleen and thymus in relation to the immune system.
       3. Explain the differences between specific and non-specific body defenses giving examples of each. 
       4. Describe the inflammatory process.
       5. Give examples of and differentiate between passive and active immunity and natural and acquired immunity. 
       6. Define antigen and antibody and describe an antigen-antibody reaction.
       7. Compare and contrast T cell and B cells.
       8. Describe how macrophages function in immunity.
   11. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
       1. Describe the main functions of the skin. 
       2. Describe the layers of the skin and the function of each layer. 
       3. List the location and function of the skin’s accessory structures. 
       4. Describe visible changes in the skin and what they indicate. 

LPN (non-req) 1050 - Clinical I

1. Hand washing
2. Performing CPR/ AED Use/Airway Management/ Heimlich Maneuver - all age groups, according to American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines
3. Measuring vital signs
4. Maintaining client safety
5. Utilizing universal/ standard precautions
6. Transferring clients
7. Positioning clients
8. Performing range of motion (ROM) exercises
9. Bed making
10. Performing hygiene measures
11. Assisting with elimination
12. Collecting specimens
13. Applying anti-embolism stockings/devices
14. Feeding
15. Measuring Intake/Output
16. Performing sterile procedures
17. Supplying oxygen therapy
18. Providing tracheostomy care
19. Suctioning
20. Administering a tube feeding
21. Performing wound care
22. Applying principles of the nursing process
23. Performing post-mortem care
24. Applying and removing restraints
25. Performing urinary catheterization
26. Use of pulse oximetry
27. Assist in the assessment of emergency situations
28. Application of bandages, binders, and splints
29. Irrigation: urinary catheter, bladder, wound, ear, nose, or eye
30. K-Pad application
31. Urinary catheter: insertion, maintenance, care, and removal of
32. Gastric tube: care and irrigation
33. Ostomy Care 
34. Aseptic measures
35. Initiating and maintaining isolation precautions
36. Oral hygiene/denture care
37. Blood glucose monitoring
38. Patient assessment 

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of this course, the student under the supervision of the instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The instructor will assign, monitor, and evaluate skills lab competencies. The student must receive a satisfactory evaluation in the competencies assigned by the instructor for progression. An overall unsatisfactory evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Administer medications per the “Rights” of administration.
2. Safely calculates and/or converts dosages according to prescribed standards.
3. Document accurately the administration of medications given.
4. Implements appropriate safety measures in relation to medication administration.
5. Selects and demonstrates appropriate use of equipment/supplies necessary for administration of medications.
6. Describe the proper way to draw up and administer insulin.
7. Demonstrates the ability to interpret and transcribe medication orders accurately.
8. Apply critical thinking to the principles of medication administration.
9. Demonstrate effective use of the time management skills with administration of medications.
10. Outline the nursing action to be taken if complications occur from medication administration.
11. Model safe use of selected IV equipment
12. When given a prescribed quantity of fluid to be infused, calculates the flow rate correctly.
13. Select appropriate sites for and demonstrate insertion of IV infusion devices.
14. Correctly and aseptically starts an IV infusion.
15. Demonstrate use of infusion pumps and controllers accurately.
16. Demonstrate assembling and setting up IV solutions with tubing and needles.
17. Discontinue an IV infusion and IV device safely.
18. Employ safe, effective care of patients receiving IV therapy and discuss the signs and symptoms of complications

LPN (non-req) 2010 - Pharmacology I

1. Differentiate between pharmacology and drug therapy.
2. Select authoritative sources of drug information.
3. Discuss major drug laws and standards.
4. Describe the main categories of controlled substances in relation to therapeutic use and potential for abuse.
5. Identify nursing responsibilities in handling controlled substances correctly.
6. Discuss the role of the Food and Drug Administration.
7. Analyze the potential impact of drug costs on drug therapy regimens.
8. Describe the main pathways and mechanisms by which drugs cross biologic membranes and move through the body.
9. dentify and develop basic knowledge of general pharmacokinetics for each body system and/or classification of drugs.
   1. Describe the principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body
   2. Discuss the clinical usefulness of measuring serum drug levels
   3. Describe major characteristics of the receptor theory of drug action
   4. List drug-related and patient-related variables that affect drug actions
10. Differentiate between agonist drugs and antagonist drugs.
11. Discuss mechanisms and potential effects of drug-drug interactions.
12. Identify signs and symptoms that may occur with adverse drug effects on major body systems.
13. Discuss general management of drug overdose and toxicity.
    1. Discuss selected drug antidotes
    2. Discuss interventions to increase therapeutic effects and decrease adverse effects of drug therapy
14. Describe major considerations in drug therapy for children, adults, and patients with impaired renal or hepatic function or critical illness.
15. Discuss application of the nursing process in home care settings
16. Identify and have basic knowledge of common drug classifications, drug actions, side effects, nursing considerations, client education, and precautions with administration.
    1. Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) 
       1. Discuss signs and symptoms of CNS depression and CNS stimulation
       2. Discuss general types and characteristics of CNS depressant drugs
       3. Describe specific antidotes for overdoses of central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs and the circumstances indicating their use
       4. List characteristics of benzodiazepine antianxiety and hypnotic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, nursing process implications, and potential for abuse and dependence
       5. Describe strategies for preventing, recognizing, or treating benzodiazepine withdrawal reactions
       6. Contrast characteristics of selected non-benzodiazepines and benzodiazepines
       7. Discuss the use of flumazenil and other treatment measures for overdose of benzodiazepines
       8. Discuss characteristics of phenothiazines and related antipsychotics
       9. Compare characteristics of “atypical” antipsychotic drugs with those of “typical” phenothiazines and related antipsychotic drugs
       10. State interventions to decrease adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs
       11. State interventions to promote compliance with outpatient use of antipsychotic drugs
       12. Discuss characteristics of antidepressants in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, adverse effects, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       13. Compare and contrast the different categories of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), mixed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and other atypical antidepressants
       14. Discuss selected characteristics of atypical antidepressants
       15. Describe the use of lithium in bipolar disorder
       16. Describe the use of atypical antipsychotics in the manic phase of bipolar disorder
       17. Discuss interventions to increase safety of lithium therapy
       18. Describe the nursing role in preventing, recognizing, and treating overdoses of antidepressant drugs and lithium
       19. Analyze important factors in using antidepressant drugs and lithium inspecial populations
       20. Describe general characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants
       21. Discuss reasons for decreased use of amphetamines for therapeutic purposes
       22. Discuss the rationale for treating attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder with CNS stimulants
       23. Identify effects and sources of caffeine
       24. Identify nursing interventions to prevent, recognize, and treat stimulant overdose
    2. Drugs Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 
       1. State names and general characteristics of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system
       2. Identify effects produced by stimulation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors
       3. List characteristics of adrenergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, adverse effects, nursing process implications, principles of therapy, and observation of patient responses
       4. Discuss use of epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock, acute bronchospasm, and cardiac arrest
       5. Identify patients at risk for the adverse effects associated with adrenergic drugs
       6. List commonly used over-the-counter preparations and herbal preparations that contain adrenergic drugs
       7. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using adrenergic drugs in special populations
       8. Describe signs and symptoms of toxicity due to noncatecholamine adrenergic drugs
       9. Discuss treatment of overdose with noncatecholamine adrenergic drugs
       10. List characteristics of antiadrenergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, nursing process implications, principles of therapy, and observation of patient response
       11. Discuss alpha1-adrenergic blocking drugs and alpha2-adrenergic agonists in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and other selected characteristics
       12. Compare and contrast beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in terms of cardioselectivity, indications for use, adverse effects, and other selected characteristics
       13. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using antiadrenergic drugs in special populations
       14. Describe effects and indications for use of selected cholinergic drugs
       15. Discuss drug therapy for myasthenia gravis
       16. Discuss the use of cholinergic drug therapy for paralytic ileus and urinary retention
       17. Discuss drug therapy for Alzheimer’s disease
       18. Describe major nursing care needs of patients receiving cholinergic drugs
       19. Describe signs, symptoms, and treatment of overdose with cholinergic drugs
       20. Discuss atropine and pralidoxime as antidotes for cholinergic drugs
       21. Discuss principles of therapy for using cholinergic drugs in special populations
       22. List characteristics of anticholinergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, nursing process implications, observation of patient response, and teaching patients
       23. Discuss atropine as the prototype of anticholinergic drugs
       24. Discuss clinical disorders or symptoms for which anticholinergic drugs are used
       25. Describe the mechanism by which atropine relieves bradycardia
       26. Review anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines
       27. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using anticholinergic drugs in special populations
       28. Describe the signs and symptoms of atropine or anticholinergic drug overdose and its treatment
    3. Drugs used to fight infection
       1. Outline common and potentially serious adverse effects of antimicrobial drugs
       2. Identify patients at increased risk for adverse drug reactions to antimicrobial drugs
       3. Discuss ways to increase benefits and decrease hazards of antimicrobial drug therapy
       4. Discuss ways to minimize emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms
       5. State appropriate nursing implications for a patient receiving an antimicrobial drug
       6. Discuss important elements of using antimicrobial drugs in children, older adults, patients with renal or hepatic impairment, and patients with critical illness
       7. Describe general characteristics of beta-lactam antibiotics
       8. Discuss penicillins in relation to effectiveness, safety, spectrum of antibacterial activity, mechanism of action, indications for use, administration, observation of patient response, and teaching of patients
       9. Differentiate among extended-spectrum penicillins
       10. Describe characteristics of beta-lactamase inhibitor drugs
       11. Discuss similarities and differences between cephalosporins and penicillins
       12. Differentiate cephalosporins in relation to antibacterial spectrum, indications for use, and adverse effects
       13. Describe major characteristics of carbapenem and monobactam drugs
       14. Identify characteristics of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in relation to effectiveness, safety, spectrum of antimicrobial activity, indications for use, administration, and observation of patient responses
       15. Recognize factors influencing selection and dosage of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones
       16. Discuss the importance of measuring serum drug levels during aminoglycoside therapy
       17. Describe measures to decrease nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with aminoglycosides
       18. Describe characteristics, uses, adverse effects, and nursing process implications of fluoroquinolones
       19. Discuss major characteristics and clinical uses of tetracyclines
       20. Recognize doxycycline as the tetracycline of choice in renal failure
       21. Discuss characteristics, clinical uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications of selected sulfonamides
       22. Recognize trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as a combination drug that is commonly used for urinary tract and systemic infections
       23. Describe the use of urinary antiseptics in the treatment of urinary tract infections
       24. Identify characteristics and specific uses of macrolide and ketolide antibacterials
       25. Compare and contrast macrolides and ketolides with other commonly used antibacterial drugs
       26. Discuss characteristics and clinical indications for using chloramphenicol, clindamycin, daptomycin, linezolid, metronidazole, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifaximin, spectinomycin, and vancomycin
       27. Discuss the roles of metronidazole and oral vancomycin in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis
       28. List characteristics, uses, effects, and nursing implications of using primary antitubercular drugs
       29. Describe the rationale for multiple-drug therapy in treatment of tuberculosis
       30. Discuss ways to increase adherence to antitubercular drug therapy regimens
       31. Describe factors affecting drug therapy in multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) 
       32. Discuss difficulties in developing and using antiviral drugs
       33. Differentiate types of antiviral drugs used for various viral infections
       34. Describe selected antiviral drugs in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       35. Discuss the rationale for using combinations of drugs in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
       36. Describe commonly used antifungal drugs in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       37. Differentiate between adverse effects associated with systemic and topical antifungal drugs.
    4. Drugs used to manage pain
       1. List characteristics of opioid analgesics in terms of mechanism of action,  indications for use, and major adverse effects
       2. Describe morphine as the prototype of opioid analgesics
       3. Explain why higher doses of opioid analgesics are needed when the drugs are given orally
       4. Contrast the use of opioid analgesics in opioid-naive and opioid-tolerant patients
       5. Describe characteristics and treatment of opioid toxicity
       6. Discuss principles of therapy for using opioid analgesics in special populations
       7. Discuss non-opioid drugs used in pain management
       8. Discuss aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, contraindications to use, nursing process, and principles of therapy
       9. Compare and contrast aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen in terms of indications for use and adverse effects
       10. Differentiate among antiplatelet, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory doses of aspirin
       11. Differentiate between nonselective NSAIDs and the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib
       12. Identify factors influencing the use of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen in special populations
       13. Discuss recognition and management of acetaminophen toxicity
       14. Discuss the use of NSAIDs and antigout drugs
       15. Discuss the use of NSAIDs, triptans, and ergot antimigraine drugs
    5. Drugs Affecting the Neuromuscular System 
       1. Discuss major factors that influence choice of an antiseizure drug for a patient with a seizure disorder
       2. Recognize characteristics and effects of commonly used antiseizure drugs
       3. Differentiate between older and more recent antiseizure drugs
       4. Compare advantages and disadvantages between monotherapy and combination drug therapy for seizure disorders
       5. Apply the nursing process with patients receiving antiseizure drugs
       6. Discuss the use of antiseizure drugs in special populations
       7. Differentiate the types of commonly used antiparkinson drugs
       8. Discuss therapeutic and adverse effects of dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs
       9. Discuss the use of antiparkinson drugs in selected populations
       10. Discuss common symptoms and disorders for which skeletal muscle relaxants are used
       11. Differentiate uses and effects of selected skeletal muscle relaxants
    6. Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System 
       1. Identify general categories of drugs used to treat respiratory disorders
       2. Discuss the uses and effects of bronchodilating drugs, including adrenergics, anticholinergics, and xanthines
       3. Differentiate between short-acting and long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists in terms of uses and nursing process implications
       4. Discuss the uses of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and mast cell stabilizers
       5. Discuss reasons for using inhaled drugs when possible
       6. Differentiate between “quick relief” and long-term control of asthma symptoms
       7. Discuss the use of antiasthmatic drugs in special populations
       8. Delineate effects of histamine on selected body tissues
       9. Discuss allergic rhinitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and drug allergies as conditions for which antihistamines are commonly used
       10. Identify the effects of histamine that are blocked by histamine1 (H1) receptor antagonist drugs
       11. Differentiate first- and second-generation antihistamines
       12. Describe antihistamines in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       13. Discuss the use of antihistamines in special populations
       14. Review decongestant and adverse effects of adrenergic drugs
       15. Describe general characteristics and effects of antitussive agents
       16. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using combination products to treat the common cold
       17. Evaluate over-the-counter allergy, cold, cough, and sinus remedies for personal or patients’ use.
    7. Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
       1. Discuss atherosclerosis as the basic disorder causing many cardiovascular disorders for which drug therapy is required
       2. Differentiate the types of drugs used to treat heart failure (HF)
       3. Identify the role of digoxin in the management of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation
       4. List characteristics of digoxin in terms of effects on myocardial contractility and cardiac conduction, indications for use, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       5. Differentiate digitalizing and maintenance doses of digoxin
       6. Explain the roles of potassium chloride, lidocaine, atropine, and digoxin immune fab in the management of digoxin toxicity
       7. Discuss the roles of sodium channel, beta-adrenergic, potassium channel, and calcium channel blockers along with two unclassified drugs in the management of dysrhythmias
       8. Describe the nursing process implications and actions related to caring for patients using selected antidysrhythmic drugs
       9. Describe principles of therapy to include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures to manage tachydysrhythmias
       10. Describe general characteristics and types of antianginal drugs
       11. Discuss nitrate antianginals in terms of indications for use, routes of administration, adverse effects, nursing process implications, and drug tolerance
       12. Differentiate between short-acting and long-acting dosage forms of nitrate antianginal drugs
       13. Use the nursing process in the care of individuals on antianginal and adjunctive therapy for treatment of myocardial ischemia
       14. Describe therapeutic and adverse effects of vasopressor drugs used in the management of hypotension and shock
       15. Review the effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics in hypertension
       16. Discuss angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in terms of mechanisms of action, indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       17. Describe the rationale for using combination drugs in the ¬management of hypertension
       18. Discuss interventions to increase therapeutic effects and ¬minimize adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs
       19. Discuss the use of antihypertensive drugs in special populations
       20. List characteristics of diuretics in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       21. Discuss major adverse effects of thiazide, loop, and potassium-sparing diuretics
       22. Identify patients at risk for developing adverse reactions to diuretic administration
       23. Recognize commonly used potassium-losing and potassium-sparing diuretics
       24. Discuss the rationale for using combination products containing a potassium-losing and a potassium-sparing diuretic
       25. Discuss the rationale for concomitant use of a loop diuretic and a thiazide or related diuretic
       26. Discuss important elements of diuretic therapy in special populations
       27. Compare and contrast heparin and warfarin in terms of indications for use, onset and duration of action, route of administration, blood tests used to monitor effects, and nursing process implications
       28. Discuss antiplatelet agents in terms of indications for use and effects on blood coagulation
       29. Describe thrombolytic agents in terms of indications and contraindications for use, routes of administration, and major adverse effects
       30. Describe systemic hemostatic agents for treating overdoses of anticoagulant and thrombolytic drugs
       31. Use the nursing process in the care of patients on anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic agents
       32. Describe dyslipidemic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, major adverse effects, and nursing process implications.
    8. Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
       1. Compare steroid and protein hormones in relation to site of action and pharmacokinetics
       2. Differentiate between physiologic and pharmacologic doses of hormonal drugs
       3. Identify clinical uses of selected hormones
       4. Recognize the limitations of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones as therapeutic agents
       5. Identify major nursing considerations in the care of patients receiving specific hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
       6. Review physiologic effects of endogenous corticosteroids
       7. Discuss clinical indications for use of exogenous corticosteroids
       8. Differentiate between physiologic and pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids
       9. Differentiate between short-term and long-term corticosteroid therapy
       10. Recognize at least 10 adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy
       11. Examine the potential benefits for administering corticosteroids topically when possible rather than systemically
       12. Analyze the use other drugs and interventions to decrease the need for corticosteroids
       13. Discuss the use of corticosteroids in selected populations and conditions
       14. Apply the nursing process with a patient receiving long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy, including teaching needs
       15. Describe characteristics, uses, and effects of thyroid drugs
       16. Identify characteristics, uses, and effects of antithyroid drugs
       17. Evaluate the influence of thyroid and antithyroid drugs on the metabolism of other drugs
       18. Evaluate the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis
       19. Describe major effects of endogenous insulin on body tissues
       20. Discuss characteristics and uses of the various types of insulins and insulin analogs
       21. Differentiate types of oral agents used to manage diabetes mellitus in terms of mechanisms of action, indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       22. State reasons for combinations of insulin and oral agents or different types of oral agents
       23. List the three common types of insulins, stating their onset, peak, and duration of action; and the four common groups of oral anti-diabetic agents, identifying examples of each group.
       24. Outline the benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
       25. Recognize adverse effects associated with estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives
       26. Apply nursing process with patients taking estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives
       27. Discuss uses and effects of exogenous androgens and anabolic steroids
       28. Identify potential consequences of abusing androgens and anabolic steroids.
    9. Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System
       1. Identify general categories of drugs used to treat gastrointestinal disorders
       2. Discuss the effects of non-gastrointestinal drugs on gastrointestinal functioning
       3. Describe adverse effects associated with overdoses of vitamins
       4. Discuss the rationale for administering vitamin K to newborns
       5. Describe treatment of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride imbalances
       6. Describe treatment of iron deficiency anemia
       7. Discuss the chelating agents used to remove excessive copper, iron, and lead from body tissues
       8. Assist patients with effective use of approved weight-loss drugs, when indicated
       9. Differentiate the types of drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and acid reflux disorders
       10. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of proton pump inhibitors
       11. Differentiate between prescription and over-the-counter uses of histamine2 receptor blocking agents
       12. Discuss significant drug-drug interactions with cimetidine
       13. Describe characteristics, uses, and effects of selected antacids
       14. Discuss the rationale for using combination antacid products
       15. Differentiate the major types of laxatives according to effects on the gastrointestinal tract
       16. Differentiate the consequences of occasional laxative use from those of chronic laxative use
       17. Discuss rational choices of laxatives for selected patient populations or purposes
       18. Discuss possible reasons for and hazards of overuse and abuse of laxatives
       19. Describe types of diarrhea in which antidiarrheal drug therapy may be indicated
       20. Differentiate the major types of antidiarrheal drugs
       21. Discuss characteristics, effects, and nursing process implications of commonly used antidiarrheal agents
       22. Differentiate the major types of antiemetic drugs
       23. Discuss characteristics, effects, and nursing process implications of selected antiemetic drugs
    10. Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems
        1. Discuss common characteristics of immunizations
        2. Discuss the importance of immunizations in promoting health and preventing disease
        3. Identify authoritative sources for immunization information
        4. Discuss ways to promote immunization of all age groups
        5. Discuss the use of hematopoietic agents in the treatment of anemia
        6. Discuss the use of filgrastim and sargramostim in neutropenia and bone marrow transplantation
        7. Describe the adverse effects and nursing process implications of administering filgrastim and sargramostim
        8. Discuss interferons in terms of clinical uses, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
        9. Discuss characteristics and uses of major immunosuppressant drugs in autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation
        10. Identify adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
        11. Discuss nursing interventions to decrease adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
        12. Describe major types of antineoplastic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, administration, and nursing process implications
        13. Discuss the rationales for using antineoplastic drugs in combination with each other, with surgical treatment, and with radiation therapy
    11. Drugs Used in Ophthalmic Conditions
        1. Discuss selected drugs in relation to their use in ocular disorders
        2. Use correct techniques to administer ophthalmic medications
        3. Assess for ocular effects of systemic drugs and systemic effects of ophthalmic drugs
    12. Drugs Used in Dermatologic Conditions
        1.  Review characteristics of skin structures that influence drug therapy of dermatologic disorders
        2. Discuss antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and selected miscellaneous drugs in relation to their use in dermatologic disorders
        3. Use correct techniques to administer dermatologic medications

LPN (non-req) 2020 - Mental Health

1. Discuss the history and trends in Mental Health Nursing. 
   1. Explain the shift to community based mental health services that began in the late 1950s 
2. Define mental illness. 
3. Identify members of the mental health team and their roles. 
4. Describe spiritual, cultural, and ethnic issues associated with mental health nursing. 
5. Describe ethical and legal issues associated with mental health nursing. 
   1. HIPAA and confidentiality
6. Describe the rights of the Psychiatric mentally ill client.
7. Identify and discuss defense mechanisms.
8. Discuss a continuum for mental health illness.
9. Identify conditions that precede admission to an inpatient mental health treatment setting.
10. Identify mental health resources available in the community for the client and family.
11. Define the difference between delusions, hallucination, and illusions. 
12. Identify the importance of therapeutic communication in the management of mental health disorders.
    1. Discuss verbal and nonverbal communications
    2. Identify techniques that enhance communication 
    3. Identify techniques that hinder communication
13. Contrast and compare the purpose, focus, communication style, and goals for a social, intimate, and a therapeutic relationship.
14. Discuss the therapeutic milieu.  
15. Define crisis interventions. 
16. Identify classifications, uses, actions, side effects, toxicity levels, and nursing considerations for selected psychoactive medications. 
    1. Antidepressants/ serotonin replacement
    2. Anti-manic/ Mood stabilizers
    3. Anti-Parkinson’s
    4. Antianxiety and hypnotics
    5. Stimulants as Mood Elevators
    6. Anticonvulsants
    7. Antipsychotics
    8. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors 
17. Define somatic psychotherapy and its benefits. 
18. List six (6) complementary and alternative medicines used in mental health.
19. Discuss psychosomatic and dissociative disorders. 
    1. Theories of somatoform disorders
       1. Body dysmorphic disorder
       2. Somatization disorder
       3. Conversion disorder
       4. Pain disorder
       5. Hypochondriasis
    2. Theories of dissociative disorders
       1. Dissociative identity disorder
       2. Depersonalization disorder
20. Discuss mood disorders. 
    1. Depressive disorders
       1. Major depressive disorder
       2. Dysthymic disorder
    2. Bipolar Disorder
    3. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
    4. Postpartum depression
21. Discuss anxiety disorders. 
    1. Panic disorder
    2. Phobias
    3. Generalized anxiety disorder
    4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
    5. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
    6. Acute Stress Disorder
    7. Atypical anxiety disorder
22. Discuss eating disorders. 
    1. Anorexia nervosa
    2. Bulimia nervosa
    3. Obesity
23. Discuss personality development and personality disorders
    1. Borderline personality disorder
    2. Antisocial personality disorder
    3. Narcissistic personality disorder
24. Discuss substance related disorders. 
    1. Define chemical dependency/substance abuse 
    2. Describe signs that may indicate substance abuse or chemical dependency 
    3. Discuss the impact substance abuse has on the client, the family, and society
    4. Discuss how to care for the substance abuse client within the healthcare facility
    5. Discuss commonly abused substances and causes of substance abuse
    6. Define and discuss co-dependency and enabling
    7. Discuss detoxification and rehabilitation.
25. Discuss sexual disorders. 
    1. Gender identity disorder
26. Discuss cognitive and thought disorders. 
    1. Dementia
    2. Alzheimer’s
    3. Delirium
    4. Delusional and shared psychotic disorders 
    5. Schizophrenia
       1. Paranoid type
       2. Catatonic type
       3. Undifferentiated 
    6. Developmentally disabilities 
       1. Describe the levels of developmental disability 
       2. Identify and discuss common diseases and disorders contributory to developmental disability 
27. Discuss nursing care of the suicidal client. 
28. Identify nursing care adjustments for the clients with dual-diagnosis. 
29. Discuss nursing care of clients experiencing sexual, physical, and emotional abuse.
30. Discuss how nursing care is affected when caring for clients coping with chronic/terminal illnesses, homeless clients, aging clients, or incarcerated clients. 

LPN (non-req) 2030 - Medical & Surgical Nursing I

1. Safely and effectively apply scientific principles of nursing to the care of the adult medical-surgical patient.
2. Recognize the grieving process:
   1. Trauma
   2. Terminal illness
   3. Complications of perioperative care
3. Identify the PN’s role in providing care to the acutely ill patient.
4. Recognize pathophysiological changes related to disease processes in the care of the adult patient.
   1. Identify signs and symptoms of diseases related to each body system
   2. Identify diagnostic studies in relation to each body system
   3. Identify treatment modalities as related to diseases
   4. Identify nursing measures as indicated in the following disorders:
      1. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Disorders
         1. Differentiate among the following fluid compartments: intracellular, extracellular, interstitial, and intravascular.
         2. Discuss at least four major nursing responsibilities associated with laboratory tests ordered by a clinician.
         3. In the clinical laboratory, demonstrate a client and family teaching session, emphasizing the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance and the types of care that may be needed for the client.
         4. Identify at least four possible causes of the two major types of fluid imbalances (fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit), including at least two nursing considerations for each cause.
         5. State at least two nursing considerations for each: dependent edema, sacral edema, pitting and non-pitting edema, and pulmonary edema.
         6. State the normal serum levels for the following electrolytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphorus.
         7. Identify at least four causes of each type of electrolyte imbalance.
         8. Discuss the major symptoms associated with each type of electrolyte imbalance, stating at least three nursing considerations related to each condition.
         9. Differentiate among the four major types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis.
         10. Identify at least four nursing considerations related to the data collection, assessment, monitoring, and care of a client with acidosis and a client with alkalosis. 
      2. Neurological Disorders
         1. List physiological changes that occur in the nervous system with aging.
         2. Discuss the Glasgow coma scale.
         3. Identify the significant subjective and objective data related to the nervous system that should be obtained for a patient during assessment.
         4. Explain the importance of prevention in problems of the nervous system, and give several examples of prevention. 
         5. Differentiate between normal and common abnormal findings of a physical assessment of the nervous system.
         6. List common laboratory and diagnostic examinations for evaluation of neurological disorders.
         7. Differentiate among the following diagnostic tests: computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral angiography, cerebral arteriography, myelography, brain scan, electroencephalography, and videotelemetry.
         8. Discuss the nursing care involved for a client before and after a lumbar puncture (LP).
         9. Compare and contrast migraine and cluster headaches, including nursing considerations for each condition.
         10. List four classifications of seizures, their characteristics, clinical signs, aura, and postictal period.
         11. Identify the main characteristics of at least three types of partial seizures and at least six types of general seizures.
         12. Discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing implications for the following disorders involving nerves: trigeminal neuralgia, Bell’s palsy, and herpes zoster.
         13. Discuss various neurological disturbances in motor function and sensory/perceptual function.
         14. Compare paraplegia with quadriplegia, including a discussion of at least four differences in nursing care for each condition.
         15. Give examples of six degenerative neurological diseases and explain the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for each.
         16. Describe at least five signs and symptoms, therapies, and at least five nursing considerations for each of the following degenerative disorders: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
         17. Discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, therapies, and at least five nursing considerations for each of the following inflammatory disorders: brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, post-polio syndrome, and acute transverse myelitis.
         18. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for intracranial tumors, craniocerebral trauma, and spinal trauma.
         19. List five signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and why they occur, as well as nursing interventions that decrease intracranial pressure.
         20. Explain the nursing care required for clients with concussion, brain laceration and contusion, skull fractures, and hematoma.
         21. Identify at least three pre- and postoperative nursing considerations for a client undergoing craniotomy.
         22. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for a stroke patient.
         23. Explain the mechanism of injury to the brain that occurs with a stroke and traumatic brain injury.
         24. Discuss patient teaching and home care planning for the patient with stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and myasthenia gravis.
      3. Sensory Disorders
         1. Describe two changes in the sensory system that occurs as a result of the normal aging process.
         2. Describe the purpose, significance of results, and nursing responsibilities related to diagnostic studies of the visual and auditory systems.
         3. Describe age-related changes in the visual and auditory systems and differences in assessment findings.
         4. State at least ten nursing considerations for the care of the client with: a visual deficit, including pre- and postoperative nursing considerations; a hearing deficit.
         5. Define radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
         6. Define the following refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
         7. Describe the following: inflammatory and infectious eye disorders (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, hordeolum, chalazion, trachoma, and keratitis); structural disorders (ectropion, entropion, and ptosis).
         8. Differentiate chronic open-angle glaucoma, acute closed-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma, identifying at least three nursing considerations for each disorder.
         9. Explain the causes and treatments for cataracts.
         10. Identify at least two nursing considerations for each of the following types of eye traumas: hematoma, foreign bodies, hyphema, chemical burns, corneal abrasions, and detached retina.
         11. Describe inflammatory conditions of the lid, conjunctiva, and cornea with etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         12. Compare the nature of cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, and the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         13. Discuss corneal injuries including etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         14. List tips for communicating with hearing- and sight-impaired people.
         15. Give patient instructions regarding care of the eye and ear in accordance with written protocol.
         16. Compare and contrast conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, central hearing loss, and functional hearing loss.
         17. Discuss noninfectious disorders of the ear, including etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         18. Discuss the causes and at least two nursing interventions for each of the following disorders of the external ear: impacted earwax, furuncles, foreign objects, external otitis, fungal infections, and punctured tympanic membrane; and disorders of the middle ear: otitis media, serous otitis media, acute purulent otitis media, and chronic otitis media.
         19. Describe the appropriate care of the hearing aid.
         20. Describe the care of a client who is to undergo a tympanoplasty and myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes.
         21. Identify communication resources for people with visual and/or hearing impairment.
         22. Describe home health considerations for people with eye or ear disorders, surgery, or visual and hearing impairments.
         23. Describe the various surgeries of the ear, including the nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         24. Discuss at least three nursing considerations for a client with Meniere’s disease.
         25. Identify at least two nursing considerations for clients with a tactile, gustatory, or olfactory disorder.
      4. Respiratory Disorders
         1. Differentiate the following Respiratory disorders: Acute asthma, streptococcal throat infectious, influenza, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and emphysema.
         2. Describe nursing interventions to assist patients with retained pulmonary secretions.
         3. Identify signs and symptoms that indicate a patient is experiencing hypoxia.
         4. Identify strategies the nurse can teach patients to decrease the risk of infection.
         5. Differentiate between tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis.
         6. Discuss medications commonly prescribed for the patient with tuberculosis.
         7. Discuss the principle of low-flow oxygen required for patients with emphysema.
         8. Compare/contrast nursing assessment and interventions for the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the patient with pneumonia.
         9. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient with a laryngectomy.
         10. Identify possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with altered respiratory function.
         11. Identify nursing interventions relevant to psychosocial concerns of the patient with altered respiratory functions.
         12. Discuss risk factors associated with pulmonary emboli.
      5. Cardiovascular or Peripheral Vascular Disorders
         1. Discuss the location, size, and position of the heart.
         2. Identify the chambers of the heart.
         3. List the functions of the chambers of the heart.
         4. Identify the valves of the heart and their locations.
         5. Discuss the electrical conduction system that causes the cardiac muscle fibers to contract.
         6. Explain what produces the two main heart sounds.
         7. Trace the path of blood through the coronary circulation.
         8. Discuss risk factors in coronary artery disease (CAD), differentiating factors which can be modified and those that cannot.
         9. Describe diagnostic tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function.
         10. Describe five cardiac dysrhythmias.
         11. Compare etiology/pathophysiology, signs and systems, medical management, and nursing interventions for patients with angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction, or heart failure.
         12. Specify patient teaching for patients with cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valvular heart disease.
         13. Discuss the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema.
         14. Discuss medical management and nursing interventions for the patient with pulmonary edema.
         15. Identify risk factors associated with peripheral vascular system.
         16. Describe the effects of aging on the peripheral vascular system.
         17. Compare and contrast signs and symptoms associated with arterial and venous disorder.
         18. Discuss nursing interventions for arterial and venous disorders.
         19. Compare essential (primary) hypertension and secondary hypertension.
         20. Discuss the importance of patient education for hypertension.
         21. Discuss appropriate patient education for thrombophlebitis.
      6. Endocrine Disorders
         1. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis for patients with acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism, diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid cancer, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, and Addison’s disease.
         2. Name the common laboratory tests and radiology procedures performed to evaluate functioning of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, and pancreas.
         3. Explain how to test for Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, and carpopedal spasms.
         4. Differentiate the four major tests used to test blood glucose levels.
         5. Describe the difference between gigantism and acromegaly, and SIADH and diabetes insipidus.
         6. Compare and contrast Graves’ disease, cretinism, and myxedema, including at least three nursing considerations for each.
         7. List two significant complications that may occur after thyroidectomy.
         8. Identify at least five pre- and postoperative nursing considerations for a client who needs a thyroidectomy.
         9. Explain the differences between hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.
         10. Describe the three major adrenal gland disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, primary aldosteronism, and Addison’s disease.
         11. Describe the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis for patient with diabetes mellitus.
         12. Explain the interrelationship of nutrition, exercise, and medication in the control of diabetes mellitus.
         13. Discuss the various insulin types and their characteristics.
         14. Differentiate between the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
         15. List five nursing interventions that foster self-care in the activities of daily living of the patient with diabetes mellitus.
         16. Discuss the acute and long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
         17. Differentiate among the following type: type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and impaired glucose homeostasis.
         18. Compare and contrast hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and nonketotic hyperosmolar state, including causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and nursing considerations.
         19. Identify two examples of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes.
         20. Prepare a diabetic client teaching plan that addresses at least ten topics for discussion.
         21. Demonstrate the use of a blood glucose monitor in the skills laboratory
      7. Gastrointestinal Disorders
         1. Describe common diagnostic tests performed on clients with gastrointestinal disorders.
         2. Describe nursing measures after liver biopsy.
         3. Explain nursing management of clients undergoing diagnostic testing for a gastrointestinal disorder.
         4. Discuss assessment findings and treatment of eating disorders, esophageal disorders, and gastric disorders.
         5. Describe the nursing management of a client with a nasogastric or gastrointestinal tube or gastrostomy.
         6. Identify strategies for relieving upper gastrointestinal discomfort.
         7. Discuss the nursing management of clients undergoing gastric surgery.
         8. List factors that contribute to constipation and diarrhea and describe nursing management for clients with these problems.
         9. Explain the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
         10. Contrast Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
         11. Describe the features of appendicitis and peritonitis.
         12. Describe nursing management for a client with acute abdominal inflammatory disorders.
         13. Describe the nurse’s role as related to care measures for the client with intestinal obstruction.
         14. Differentiate between diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
         15. Identify factors that contribute to the formation of an abdominal hernia.
         16. Discuss nursing management for a client requiring surgical repair of a hernia.
         17. Describe warning signs of colorectal cancer.
         18. List common problems that accompany anorectal disorders.
         19. Explain possible causes of jaundice.
         20. List common findings manifested by clients with cirrhosis.
         21. Discuss common complications of cirrhosis.
         22. Identify the modes of transmission of viral hepatitis.
         23. Discuss nursing management for clients with a medically or surgically treated liver disorder.
         24. Identify factors that contribute to, signs and symptoms of, and medical treatments for cholecystitis.
         25. Name techniques for gallbladder removal.
         26. Summarize the nursing management of clients undergoing medical or surgical treatment of a gallbladder disorder.
         27. Describe the treatment and nursing management of pancreatitis.
         28. Describe the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma.
         29. Explain the nursing management of clients undergoing pancreatic surgery.
         30. Differentiate between ileostomy and colostomy.
         31. Discuss preoperative nursing care of a client undergoing ostomy surgery.
         32. List complications associated with ostomy surgery.
         33. Discuss postoperative nursing management of a client with an ileostomy.
         34. Describe the components used to apply and collect stool from an intestinal ostomy.
         35. Cite reasons for changing an ostomy appliance.
         36. Explain how stool is released from a continent ileostomy.
         37. Describe the two-part procedure needed to create an ileoanal reservoir.
         38. Discuss various types of colostomies.
         39. Explain ways that clients with descending or sigmoid colostomies may regulate bowel elimination.
      8. Urinary/Renal Disorders
         1. Discuss the purpose and nursing responsibilities related to the common diagnostic tests and procedures performed on the urine, kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
         2. Discuss the prevention of and observation for side effects of diuretic therapy.
         3. Discuss the treatment and nursing care for urinary incontinence.
         4. Describe the treatment and care of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis patient.
         5. Identify methods of preventing complications and renal damage in the patient with an infection of the urinary tract.
         6. Discuss treatment and nursing interventions for the patient with urinary calculi and methods of preventing their formation.
         7. Discuss treatment and care for patients with acute and chronic renal failure.
         8. Explain the purpose of dialysis and differentiate between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.
         9. Differentiate preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for patients with the following methods of urinary diversion: cutaneous ureterostomy and ileal conduit.
         10. Discuss nursing interventions for diagnostic studies of the urinary system.
         11. Identify the nursing responsibilities related to dressings, drains, and urinary drainage tubes after surgery on the urinary tract.
      9. Reproductive Disorders
         1. Discuss the impact of illness on the patient’s sexuality.
         2. Describe nursing interventions for patients with menstrual disturbances.
         3. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient undergoing diagnostic studies related to the reproductive system.
         4. Discuss the importance of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test in early detection of cervical cancer.
         5. Describe the treatment and care of the patient with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, and ovarian cancer.
         6. Identify the clinical manifestations of a vaginal fistula.
         7. Describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for the patient requiring major surgery of the female reproductive system.
         8. Describe the common problems with cystocele, rectocele, and the related medical management and nursing interventions.
         9. Discuss surgical approaches for cancer of the breast.
         10. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient who has had a modified radical mastectomy, including discharge instruction.
         11. Describe nursing interventions for the patient with prostatitis.
         12. Distinguish between hydrocele and varicocele.
         13. Discuss the importance of monthly testicular self-examination beginning at 15 years of age in males.
         14. Discuss patient education related to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
      10. Musculoskeletal Disorders
          1. Discuss the diagnostic procedures pertinent to musculoskeletal function.
          2. Compare methods of assessing circulation, nerve damage, and infection in a patient who has a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system.
          3. Identify at least four major components of nursing care necessary to protect the client from the hazards of immobilization.
          4. Compare the medical regimens for patients suffering from gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
          5. Describe the nursing interventions appropriate for degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis).
          6. List at least four healthy lifestyle measures people can practice to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.
          7. Describe the surgical intervention for arthritis of the hip and knee.
          8. Describe the nursing interventions for the patient undergoing a total hip or knee replacement.
          9. Discuss nursing interventions appropriate for a patient with a fractured hip after open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) and bipolar hip prosthesis (hemiarthroplasty).
          10. Discuss at least six important areas of nursing care for the client who has had an amputation and now has a limb prosthesis.
          11. Describe the phenomenon of phantom pain.
          12. State at least three nursing considerations for clients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscular dystrophy, and osteoporosis.
          13. Differentiate between skin traction and skeletal traction, including indications and nursing considerations for each type of traction.
          14. List at least two types of skin and skeletal traction.
          15. Discuss at least three nursing measures for care of clients with the following treatments: external fixation, ORIF, and arthroplasty.
          16. Identify at least nine complications of fractures or bone surgery.
          17. Explain the difference between primary and metastatic bone tumors.
          18. Discuss the physiology of fracture healing (hematoma, granulation tissue, and callus formation).
          19. Describe the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome.
          20. List nursing interventions appropriate for a fat embolism.
          21. List four nursing interventions appropriate for bone cancer.
      11. Integumentary Disorders
          1. Identify at least eight types of skin lesions, providing an example of each type.
          2. State at least four possible nursing diagnoses for a client with a chronic skin disorder.
          3. Relate at least three nursing interventions for the care of a client with pruritus.
          4. Discuss the following conditions, including at least two nursing considerations for each condition: acute and chronic skin conditions (urticaria, vitiligo, dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis); infections (warts, condylomata acuminata, impetigo, and folliculitis); parasitic infestations (scabies, lice, bedbugs); and sebaceous gland disorders (sebaceous cysts, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, and dandruff).
          5. Describe at least four types of dressings, four types of topical medications, and the processes of debridement and skin grafting that may be used when treating burns.
          6. State the pathophysiology involved in a burn injury.
          7. Discuss the stages of burn care with appropriate nursing interventions.
          8. Identify the methods used to classify the extent of a burn injury.
          9. Identify at least five complications that occur during burn recovery. 
          10. Discuss at least four nursing considerations during the rehabilitative stage of burn healing.
          11. Identify three common nonmalignant and malignant skin lesions.
          12. Discuss at least four interventions that can be used to prevent skin cancer.
      12. Hematologic/Lymphatic Disorders
          1. List the common diagnostic tests for evaluation of blood and lymph disorders, and discuss the significance of the results.
          2. Apply the nursing process to care of the patient with disorders of the hematological and lymphatic systems.
          3. Compare and contrast the different types of anemia in terms of pathophysiology, assessment, medical management, and nursing interventions.
          4. Compare and contrast the disorders of coagulation (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)) in terms of pathophysiology, assessment, and nursing interventions.
          5. Discuss medical management of patients with hemophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC).
          6. List six signs and symptoms associated with hypovolemic shock.
          7. Discuss the important aspects that should be presented in patient teaching and home care planning for the patient with pernicious anemia.
          8. Discuss the prognosis for patients with acute and chronic leukemia.
          9. Discuss the nursing intervention and the patient teaching for the patient with multiple myeloma.
          10. Discuss the primary goal of nursing interventions for the patient with lymphedema.
          11. Differentiate between Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and related medical management and nursing interventions.
      13. Cancer
          1. Discuss the risk factors for the development of and the warning signs.
          2. Discuss development, preventions and detection of cancer.
          3. Define the terminology used to describe cellular changes, characteristics of malignant cells, and types of malignancies.
          4. Describe the pathophysiology of cancer, including the characteristics of malignant cells and the nature of metastasis.
          5. Describe the major categories of chemotherapeutic agents.
          6. Describe the process of metastasis.
          7. Describe reasons for delay in seeking medical care when diagnosis of cancer is suspected.
          8. List common diagnostic test used to identify the presence of cancer.
          9. Define the systems of tumor classification: grading and staging.
          10. Discuss general guidelines for the use of pain relief measures of the patient with advanced cancer.
          11. Describe nursing interventions for the individual undergoing surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation.
      14. Immune Disorders
          1. Differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
          2. Describe mechanisms of immune response.
          3. Compare and contrast humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
          4. Explain the concepts of immunocompetency, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity.
          5. Discuss factors that influence the development of hypersensitivity.
          6. Identify the clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis.
          7. Outline the immediate aggressive treatment of systemic anaphylactic reaction.
          8. Discuss selection of blood donors, typing and cross-matching, storage, and administration in the prevention of transfusion reaction.
          9. Discuss the causation of autoimmune disorders; explain plasmapheresis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
          10. Explain an immunodeficiency disease.
      15. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
          1. Describe the agent that causes HIV.
          2. Describe definition of AIDS given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
          3. Explain the difference between HIV infection, HIV Disease, and AIDS.
          4. Describe the progression of HIV infection.
          5. Discuss how HIV is and is not transmitted.
          6. Discuss the pathophysiology of HIV disease.
          7. Discuss the laboratory and diagnostic tests related to HIV disease.
          8. Describe patients who are at risk for HIV infection.
          9. Discuss the nurse’s role in assisting the HIV-infected patient with coping, grieving, reducing anxiety, and minimizing social isolation.
          10. Identify signs and symptoms that may be indicative of HIV disease.
          11. Identify opportunistic infections associated with advanced HIV and/or AIDS.
          12. Discuss treatments and nursing care for the patient with AIDS.
      16. Care of the Surgical Patient
          1. Identify the purposes of surgery.
          2. Distinguish among elective, urgent, and emergency surgery.
          3. Describe the pre-admission process.
          4. Discuss laboratory, diagnostic tests and procedures required during perioperative phase.
          5. Discuss factors which influence an individual’s surgical outcome.
          6. Discuss considerations for the older surgical patient during the perioperative phases.
          7. Discuss the emotional impact of surgery.
          8. Describe the care of the client during the pre-operative surgical phase including:
          9. Describe the care of the client during the intra-operative surgical phase. 
          10. Describe the care of the client during the immediate post-operative surgical phase. 
          11. Describe the care of the client during the later post-operative surgical phase.
          12. Discuss the use of pain medication and their effects related to anesthesia
          13. Discuss the nurse’s role in informed consent
          14. Identify medications that are frequently used pre- and post-operatively.
          15. Discuss how the client’s daily medications impact surgery.
          16. Discuss the complications of anesthesia.
          17. Discuss safety as it relates to the surgical patient during the perioperative phases.
          18. Discuss the nursing process in care of the postoperative patient.
          19. Discuss postoperative discharge criteria.
          20. Identify and discuss common complications during the perioperative phases.
          21. Describe the stages of the healing process and complications related to the surgical incision.

LPN (non-req) 2040 - Maternity Health

LPN (non-req) 2050 - Clinical II

Upon completion of the Medical-Surgical clinical rotation, the student under the supervision of the clinical instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory clinical rotation evaluation for progression. An unsatisfactory clinical rotation evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Accept the role of the beginning Practical Nurse by:
   1. Demonstrating knowledge of legal and ethical responsibility and limitations when administering patient care
   2. Demonstrating confidences by initiating patient care and by performing tasks with minimal supervision
   3. Consulting clinical instructor regarding learning needs
   4. Utilizes constructive criticism to improve clinical performances
   5. Demonstrate successful time management skills in delivering patient care
2. Utilizes appropriate verbal and nonverbal skills while participating in the communication process with patients and colleagues by:
   1. Identifying barriers to communication and adapt to changing needs of the patient
   2. Recording information obtained from a head to toe assessment on the patient’s chart legibly and concisely
   3. Relating pertinent information to colleagues and discussing appropriate nursing action
   4. Establish therapeutic nurse/client relationship
   5. Respond to culturally specific requests/needs according to facility policy
   6. Demonstrates professional, empathetic and therapeutic communication skills in all learning situations 
   7. Demonstrate effective and appropriate interactive/communication skills with other members of the healthcare team, as well as the patient and family
3. Utilize the nursing process in providing care for individuals by:
   1. Performing a head to toe assessment
   2. Developing a nursing care plan with the client, family and interdisciplinary healthcare team members, including assessment, short and long term goals, nursing interventions, implementation, and evaluation 
   3. Applies the nursing process as a basis for clinical decision-making in classroom activities and in clinical experiences
   4. Constructs and implements safe, effective, patient-centered nursing care using nursing knowledge, information technologies and research evidence
   5. Assist with the admission of a patient: obtaining and recording data on appropriate forms 
   6. Taking client history using a structured assessment tool
   7. Applies the nursing process to patient learning needs
   8. Assist the Registered Nurse (RN) in formulating nursing diagnosis
4. Demonstrate a personal/professional attitude by:
   1. Participating in clinical experience by attending, reporting promptly, and staying the entire assigned time
   2. Utilizing appropriate hygienic measures to present a professional appearance
   3. Demonstrating a desire to learn by actively interacting with colleagues
   4. Observe HIPPA guidelines at all times
   5. Applies principles of collaboration and advocacy to safely provide and manage patient care
   6. Emulates professional behavior in all clinical settings
   7. Demonstrate knowledge of the leadership role and personal attributes of the PN 
   8. Consider appropriate delegation of duties to non-licensed personnel
   9. Applies ethical and legal principles and professional standards to nursing practice
5. Demonstrate scientific principles when caring for individuals in various states of the life cycle by:
   1. Utilizing principles of microbiology and anatomy to contrast between normal body function and disease processPlan and perform nursing care on assigned clients recognizing physical, psychosocial, multicultural diversity, and developmental needs
   2. Utilizing basic concepts of nutrition to assist patients to comply with and understand their dietary regime
   3. Utilizing principles of normal growth and development to appropriately care for individuals in various states of the life cycle
   4. Complete an assessment on a geriatric client’s cognitive processes (memory, communication, orientation, problem solving)
   5. Assist with activities of daily living (ADL’s) of the geriatric client
   6. Use observational, assessment, and communication skills with the geriatric client
   7. Incorporate patient teaching and reinforcement as needs indicate
   8. Assist with a complete physiological assessment on a geriatric client’s common clinical problems including: 
      1. Impaired Mobility
      2. Alteration in Elimination
      3. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
      4. Risk for Fall or Injury
      5. Sleep Pattern Disturbances
      6. Altered Nutritional Status
6. Demonstrate ability to:
   1. Identify conflicts between the nursing plan of care and the plan of interdisciplinary health team members
   2. Participate in discussing the plan of care with interdisciplinary healthcare team 
   3. Implement the plan of care taking into consideration ethical and legal parameters including scope of education with the client and interdisciplinary healthcare team
   4. Assist in discharge planning for assigned clients
   5. Identify health related learning needs
   6. Displays organizational skills by planning and completing patient care in a reasonable time
   7. Implement a teaching plan for clients with common health problems and well-defined learning needs
   8. Implement nursing measures, psychosocial concepts, and assists with diagnostic studies as indicated in the care of patients with health alterations
   9. Document and report care and treatments given and other pertinent observations accurately and completely according to facility policy and clinical procedure
7. Assist in promoting a safe effective care environment conducive to optimal health and dignity.
   1. Implement plans of care to meet basic needs including circulation, activity, elimination, comfort, pain management, rest and sleep
   2. Implement nursing interventions to promote health and rehabilitation
   3. Applies sound nursing judgment to nursing situations using standards of care, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and evidence-based practice
   4. Applies a range of knowledge to promote health and well-being and prevent complications in adults experiencing illness and disease
   5. Initiate basic emergency interventions as needed
   6. Initiate basic nursing interventions to foster client’s social well-being and effective coping mechanisms
   7. Demonstrating appropriate care and teaching to meet patient’s safety needs.
   8. Utilize basic therapeutic communication
   9. Assist interdisciplinary healthcare team members with exams and procedures
   10. Observe and communicate Patient’s Bill of Rights
   11. Report unsafe practices
   12. Utilize current technology to enhance client care
8. Integrate previous nursing knowledge and skills in the prevention and treatment of diseases, including but not limited to: 
   1. Anatomy and Physiology
   2. Nutrition/Diet Therapy
   3. Pharmacology
   4. Nursing Fundamentals\
   5. Mental Health

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of this course, the student under the supervision of the instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory evaluation during med-cart rotation for progression. An unsatisfactory evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Utilize drug information sources and be able to identify the generic/trade names, dosage forms of pharmaceutical preparations, the expected local and systemic actions of the drugs special considerations and, side effects/ interactions.
   1. Suggested activity: student will complete a drug card on each drug administered.
2. Administer medications per the “Rights” of administration
3. Document accurately the administration of medications given, including controlled substances, according to the procedure of the facility and program guidelines.
4. Safely calculates and/or converts dosages according to prescribed standards.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of drugs administered and utilize pain scale when indicated.
6. Implements appropriate safety measures.
7. Selects and demonstrates appropriate use of equipment/supplies for administration of medications.
8. Demonstrate ability to interpret and transcribe the drug order accurately.
9. Demonstrate correct use of the medication administration record, controlled substance record or other records required for the safe administration of medications.
10. Apply critical thinking to the principles of administration of medications.
11. Demonstrate effective use of the time management skills with administration of medications.
12. Assess patients for conditions and factors that are likely to influence drug effects, including age, weight, health status, and lifestyle.
13. Obtain a medication history about the patient’s use of prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), and social drugs as well as herbal and dietary supplements.
14. Identify nondrug interventions to prevent or decrease the need for drug therapy.
15. Observe patients for therapeutic and adverse responses to drug therapy.
16. Teach patients and family members how to use prescription and OTC drugs safely and effectively.
17. When indicated, teach patients about the potential effects of herbal and dietary supplements.
18. For patients who use herbal and dietary supplements, provide-or assist them in obtaining-reliable information.
19. Apply evidence-based data about patients and therapeutic drugs in all steps of the nursing process.
20. Student will demonstrate proper hand washing technique prior to medication preparation and before and after patient contact.
21. Student will demonstrate proper handling of medication to prevent contamination.
22. Student will look up the action and side effects of a new drug prior to administration.
23. Student will calculate correct drug dosage.
24. Student will identify the patient correctly (according to facility policy).
25. Student will administer the correct drug, correct dosage, via correct route, at the correct time.
26. Student will identify correct landmarks and use correct technique in administering medication.
27. Student will demonstrate accurate and timely documentation according to facility policy.
28. Assess level of consciousness and respiratory status before and after administering opioids.
29. Teach patients about safe, effective use of opioid analgesics.
30. Teach patients interventions to prevent or decrease adverse effects of aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen.
31. Teach patients guidelines for rational, safe use of antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs.
32. Teach the patient about safe, effective use of adrenergic drugs.
33. Teach patients about safe, effective use of antiadrenergic drugs.
34. Assist patients or caregivers in learning how to manage diabetes care, including administration of medication agents used to manage diabetes mellitus.
35. Collaborate with nurse diabetes educators, dietitians, pharmacists, and others in teaching self-care activities to patients with diabetes.
36. Assess and monitor patients’ conditions in relation to diabetes mellitus and their compliance with prescribed management strategies.
37. Teach parents about recommended immunizations and record keeping.
38. Assist patients/caregivers in preventing or managing symptoms associated with chemotherapy regimens

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of the mother and infant care clinical rotation, the student under the supervision of the clinical instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory clinical rotation evaluation for progression. An unsatisfactory clinical rotation evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

Labor and Delivery:

1. Assist the laboring mother with relaxation exercises.
2. Observe and assist with monitoring of fetal heart tones (FHT). 
3. Participate in timing uterine contractions.
4. Observe procedures performed in labor room to prepare for delivery.
5. Observe administration of anesthetics.
6. Observe and assist positioning for delivery.
7. Observe episiotomy and identify type performed.
8. Determine position and presentation of neonate.
9. Observe delivery of neonate.
10. Observe third stage of labor and identify delivery of placenta.
11. Observe identification and/or assist with immediate care to neonate in delivery room.
12. Identify prophylactic measures performed on neonate.
13. Note one and five minute Apgar scores.
14. Observe the alternative methods of delivery as available.
15. Observe and assist with emergency delivery as available.
16. Identify medications given in the labor room and delivery room, their actions, and nursing implications.
17. Effectively and appropriately interact/communicate with all others on the healthcare team. 

Postpartum:

1. Assist client with personal hygiene and care measures as ordered (i.e., shower, bed bath, partial bath, peri-care, sitz bath, etc.)
2. Assist with instructing the client on the proper postpartum care. 
3. Assess and document:  perineal appearance, condition of breasts, amount, color, and consistency of lochia, vital signs, etc.
4. Assess and assist with massage and document condition of fundus (check hospital policy for fundal massage on cesarean section patients).
5. Observe the psychosocial behavior of the family during the postpartum period.
6. Assist with various types of infant feeding.  
7. Observe and assist parents in bonding techniques. 
8. Assess for and assist with emergency measures in hemorrhage. 

Newborn:

1. Take and record: temperature, heart rate, respirations and report abnormal values according to facility policy.
2. Weigh and measure infant.
3. Observe and assist in completing newborn assessment. 
4. Provide care for the normal newborn including but not limited to:
   1. Cord care
   2. Bath
   3. Transporting infant to client for feeding
   4. Feeding and burping infant (i.e. breast or bottle)
   5. Diaper care
5. Observe infant male circumcision.
6. Assist with instructing client on care of newborn.
7. Identifies and implements security measures for newborn.

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of the mental health nursing clinical rotation, the student under the supervision of the clinical instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory clinical rotation evaluation for progression. An unsatisfactory clinical rotation evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Identify characteristics of bipolar behavior.  
2. Identify characteristics of psychotic behavior.  
3. Distinguish between hallucinations and delusions.
4. Observe/identify the therapeutic techniques used in the nursing care of psychiatric patients.
5. Observe/identify nursing management of the patient with dementia. 
6. Identify precautions used with the suicidal patient.
7. Identify resources available for the patient with a chemical dependency.
8. Identify the current trend of care of the psychiatric clients.
9. Identify mental health community resources available to the client and family.
10. Observe HIPPA guidelines in the care of the psychiatric client. 
11. Utilize observational, assessment and communication skills. 
12. Assist with crisis intervention as indicated.
13. Observe appropriate safety measures related to the therapeutic milieu in daily nursing care.
14. Identify mental health community resources available to the client and family.
15. Maintain a professional attitude and appropriate interventions at all times. 
16. Be familiar with DMI/DSM.
17. Participate in group activities as permitted. 

LPN (non-req) 3010 - Clinical III

Upon completion of the nursing of children clinical rotation, the student under the supervision of the clinical instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory clinical rotation evaluation for progression. An unsatisfactory clinical rotation evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Safely and effectively apply scientific principles of nursing to the care of the pediatric patient.
2. Obtain and record vital signs following facility protocol according to the patient’s growth and development. 
3. Observe safety measures appropriate for growth and development.
4. Assist in assessment of nutritional status and dietary needs specific to the developmental stage.
5. Demonstrate the ability to perform treatments/procedures specific to pediatric patients,  including but not limited to:
   1. Specimen collection
   2. Height/weight and plot on growth chart
   3. Administration of medications
   4. Intake and Output
   5. Feedings
   6. Play Therapy
6. Utilize drug information sources to identify correct pediatric dosage, dosage forms, expected local and systemic actions of drugs, and drug side effects.
7. Incorporate developmental and age appropriate play therapy into daily care regimen.
8. Observe and document child/parent interactions.
9. Adapt patient teaching to meet the developmental stage and needs of the child and caregivers. 

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of this course, the student under the supervision of the instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory evaluation during med-cart rotation for progression. An unsatisfactory evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Utilize drug information sources and be able to identify the generic/trade names, dosage forms of pharmaceutical preparations, the expected local and systemic actions of the drugs special considerations and, side effects/ interactions.

a. Suggested activity: student will complete a drug card on each drug administered.

2. Administer medications per the “Rights” of administration

3. Document accurately the administration of medications given, including controlled substances, according to the procedure of the facility and program guidelines.

4. Safely calculates and/or converts dosages according to prescribed standards.

5. Evaluate the effectiveness of drugs administered and utilize pain scale when indicated.

6. Implements appropriate safety measures.

7. Selects and demonstrates appropriate use of equipment/supplies for administration of medications.

8. Demonstrate ability to interpret and transcribe the drug order accurately.

9. Demonstrate correct use of the medication administration record, controlled substance record or other records required for the safe administration of medications.

10. Apply critical thinking to the principles of administration of medications.

11. Demonstrate effective use of the time management skills with administration of medications.

12. Assess patients for conditions and factors that are likely to influence drug effects, including age, weight, health status, and lifestyle.

13. Obtain a medication history about the patient’s use of prescription, over-the-counter (OTC), and social drugs as well as herbal and dietary supplements.

14. Identify nondrug interventions to prevent or decrease the need for drug therapy.

15. Observe patients for therapeutic and adverse responses to drug therapy.

16. Teach patients and family members how to use prescription and OTC drugs safely and effectively.

17. When indicated, teach patients about the potential effects of herbal and dietary supplements.

18. For patients who use herbal and dietary supplements, provide-or assist them in obtaining-reliable information.

19. Apply evidence-based data about patients and therapeutic drugs in all steps of the nursing process.

20. Student will demonstrate proper hand washing technique prior to medication preparation and before and after patient contact.

21. Student will demonstrate proper handling of medication to prevent contamination.

22. Student will look up the action and side effects of a new drug prior to administration.

23. Student will calculate correct drug dosage.

24. Student will identify the patient correctly (according to facility policy).

25. Student will administer the correct drug, correct dosage, via correct route, at the correct time.

26. Student will identify correct landmarks and use correct technique in administering medication.

27. Student will demonstrate accurate and timely documentation according to facility policy.

28. Assess level of consciousness and respiratory status before and after administering opioids.

29. Teach patients about safe, effective use of opioid analgesics.

30. Teach patients interventions to prevent or decrease adverse effects of aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen.

31. Teach patients guidelines for rational, safe use of antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs.

32. Teach the patient about safe, effective use of adrenergic drugs.

33. Teach patients about safe, effective use of antiadrenergic drugs.

34. Assist patients or caregivers in learning how to manage diabetes care, including administration of medication agents used to manage diabetes mellitus.

35. Collaborate with nurse diabetes educators, dietitians, pharmacists, and others in teaching self-care activities to patients with diabetes.

36. Assess and monitor patients’ conditions in relation to diabetes mellitus and their compliance with prescribed management strategies.

37. Teach parents about recommended immunizations and record keeping.

38. Assist patients/caregivers in preventing or managing symptoms associated with chemotherapy regimens

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of the Medical-Surgical clinical rotation, the student under the supervision of the clinical instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The student must receive a satisfactory clinical rotation evaluation for progression. An unsatisfactory clinical rotation evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Accept the role of the beginning Practical Nurse by:
   1. Demonstrating knowledge of legal and ethical responsibility and limitations when administering patient care
   2. Demonstrating confidences by initiating patient care and by performing tasks with minimal supervision
   3. Consulting clinical instructor regarding learning needs
   4. Utilizes constructive criticism to improve clinical performances
   5. Demonstrate successful time management skills in delivering patient care
2. Utilizes appropriate verbal and nonverbal skills while participating in the communication process with patients and colleagues by:
   1. Identifying barriers to communication and adapt to changing needs of the patient
   2. Recording information obtained from a head to toe assessment on the patient’s chart legibly and concisely
   3. Relating pertinent information to colleagues and discussing appropriate nursing action
   4. Establish therapeutic nurse/client relationship
   5. Respond to culturally specific requests/needs according to facility policy
   6. Demonstrates professional, empathetic and therapeutic communication skills in all learning situations 
   7. Demonstrate effective and appropriate interactive/communication skills with other members of the healthcare team, as well as the patient and family
3. Utilize the nursing process in providing care for individuals by:
   1. Performing a head to toe assessment
   2. Developing a nursing care plan with the client, family and interdisciplinary healthcare team members, including assessment, short and long term goals, nursing interventions, implementation, and evaluation 
   3. Applies the nursing process as a basis for clinical decision-making in classroom activities and in clinical experiences
   4. Constructs and implements safe, effective, patient-centered nursing care using nursing knowledge, information technologies and research evidence
   5. Assist with the admission of a patient: obtaining and recording data on appropriate forms 
   6. Taking client history using a structured assessment tool
   7. Applies the nursing process to patient learning needs
   8. Assist the Registered Nurse (RN) in formulating nursing diagnosis
4. Demonstrate a personal/professional attitude by:
   1. Participating in clinical experience by attending, reporting promptly, and staying the entire assigned time
   2. Utilizing appropriate hygienic measures to present a professional appearance
   3. Demonstrating a desire to learn by actively interacting with colleagues
   4. Observe HIPPA guidelines at all times
   5. Applies principles of collaboration and advocacy to safely provide and manage patient care
   6. Emulates professional behavior in all clinical settings
   7. Demonstrate knowledge of the leadership role and personal attributes of the PN 
   8. Consider appropriate delegation of duties to non-licensed personnel
   9. Applies ethical and legal principles and professional standards to nursing practice
5. Demonstrate scientific principles when caring for individuals in various states of the life cycle by:
   1. Utilizing principles of microbiology and anatomy to contrast between normal body function and disease process
6. Plan and perform nursing care on assigned clients recognizing physical, psychosocial, multicultural diversity, and developmental needs
   1. Utilizing basic concepts of nutrition to assist patients to comply with and understand their dietary regime
   2. Utilizing principles of normal growth and development to appropriately care for individuals in various states of the life cycle
   3. Complete an assessment on a geriatric client’s cognitive processes (memory, communication, orientation, problem solving)
   4. Assist with activities of daily living (ADL’s) of the geriatric client
   5. Use observational, assessment, and communication skills with the geriatric client
   6. Incorporate patient teaching and reinforcement as needs indicate
   7. Assist with a complete physiological assessment on a geriatric client’s common clinical problems including: 
      1. Impaired Mobility
      2. Alteration in Elimination
      3. Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
      4. Risk for Fall or Injury
      5. Sleep Pattern Disturbances
   8. Altered Nutritional State
7. Demonstrate ability to:
   1. Identify conflicts between the nursing plan of care and the plan of interdisciplinary health team members
   2. Participate in discussing the plan of care with interdisciplinary healthcare team members
   3. mplement the plan of care taking into consideration ethical and legal parameters including scope of education with the client and interdisciplinary healthcare team
   4. Assist in discharge planning for assigned clients
   5. Identify health related learning needs
   6. Displays organizational skills by planning and completing patient care in a reasonable time
   7. Implement a teaching plan for clients with common health problems and well-defined learning needs
   8. Implement nursing measures, psychosocial concepts, and assists with diagnostic studies as indicated in the care of patients with health alterations
   9. Document and report care and treatments given and other pertinent observations accurately and completely according to facility policy and clinical procedure
8. Assist in promoting a safe effective care environment conducive to optimal health and dignity.
   1. Implement plans of care to meet basic needs including circulation, activity, elimination, comfort, pain management, rest and sleep
   2. Implement nursing interventions to promote health and rehabilitation
   3. Applies sound nursing judgment to nursing situations using standards of care, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and evidence-based practice
   4. Applies a range of knowledge to promote health and well-being and prevent complications in adults experiencing illness and disease
   5. Initiate basic emergency interventions as neededInitiate basic nursing interventions to foster client’s social well-being and effective coping mechanisms
   6. Initiate basic nursing interventions to foster client’s social well-being and effective coping mechanism
   7. Demonstrating appropriate care and teaching to meet patient’s safety needs.
   8. Utilize basic therapeutic communication
   9. Assist interdisciplinary healthcare team members with exams and procedures
   10. Observe and communicate Patient’s Bill of Rights
   11. Report unsafe practices
   12. Utilize current technology to enhance client care
9. Integrate previous nursing knowledge and skills in the prevention and treatment of diseases, including but not limited to: 
   1. Anatomy and Physiology
   2. Nutrition/Diet Therapy
   3. Pharmacology
   4. Nursing Fundamentals
   5. Mental Health

LPN (non-req) 3020 - Advanced Professional Vocational Relations

1. Identify the proper definition of leadership and management and concepts of each.
2. Identify and be able to discuss the different common leadership styles.
3. Identify major leadership functions within the health care team which includes but not limited to:
   1. Staff nurse
   2. Charge nurse
   3. Medication nurse
   4. Treatment nurse
   5. Supervisor
4. Identify necessary components to provide safe and effective nursing care including:
   1. Time management
   2. Prioritization
   3. Delegation
   4. Client care assignments
   5. Continuity of care
   6. Performance improvement
   7. Continuing education
   8. Information security
5. Identifies through evaluation an understanding of the scope of practice as outlined in the Rules and Regulations of the Tennessee Board of Nursing (http://share.tn.gov/sos/rules/1000/1000.htm).  
6. Identifies through evaluation an understanding of the Code of Ethics for practical nurses. 
7. Identifies and demonstrates the skills of critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgement.
8. Identifies other professional responsibilities in regard to client needs and proper management of care:
   1. Client rights
   2. Legal issues
   3. Advocacy
   4. Informed consent
   5. Licensure: multi-state compact
   6. Malpractice
   7. Advanced directives
   8. Confidentiality
   9. Abuse
      1. Mandatory reporting
      2. Patient abuse/neglect
      3. Physical/verbal abuse: Abuse Registry
   10. Current issues and trends in nursing
9. Identifies components necessary to be an effective team leader:
   1. Effective communication
   2. Conflict resolution
   3. Accountability
   4. Team building/collaboration
10. Discuss chemical dependency among nursing professionals 
11. Recognize behaviors displayed by impaired nursing professionals.
12. Identify and discuss resources available to impaired nursing professionals.
13. Discuss Practical Nurse’s responsibility in reporting an impaired nursing professional.
14. Discuss peer assistance programs and is knowledgeable of the Tennessee Peer Assistance Program (TN PAP).
15. Discuss impact of guilt by association on licensure.
16. Identify, practice, and complete basic skills necessary for employability.
    1. Interviewing
    2. Resumes
    3. Resignations
    4. Employees rights and responsibilities
    5. Evaluation process of employee            

LPN (non-req) 3030 - Pediatric Nursing

1. Describe the various developmental stages and their supportive theories.
   1. Erickson
   2. Freud
   3. Piaget
2. Discuss the basic principles of growth and development, in relation to both physical and psychosocial changes, across the span of childhood.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of basic principles of progression in regards to motor skills, language development, and sensory development.
4. Identify basic concepts of health promotion in the areas of nutrition and safety.
5. Identify recommended immunization schedules and techniques for administration based upon age.
6. Identify safety principles in administration of medications to pediatric patients. 
7. Discuss how nursing care must be altered for the hospitalized child in relation to age and developmental stage. 
   1. Possible reactions
      1. Anxiety & Fear
      2. Separation Anxiety 
         1. Protest
         2. Despair
         3. Detachment
      3. Loss of Control
      4. Regression
   2. Factors affecting child’s response to hospitalization
      1. Developmental Levels
         1. Infants
         2. Toddlers
         3. Preschoolers
         4. School-age
         5. Adolescents
      2. Previous experiences
      3. Reactions of parents/ siblings
   3. Nurse’s Role
      1. Maximize family functioning
      2. Promote self (family) care
      3. Admission status
         1. General
         2. Emergent
         3. Pediatric intensive care unit (ICU)
         4. Outpatient/special procedures
         5. Rehabilitation
      4. Consents
         1. Informed
            1. Parental
            2. Guardianships
         2. Exceptions to parental consent
            1. Mature minor
            2. Emancipated minor
         3. Assent (of the child)
      5. Confidential & Legal -Ethical Issues
         1. HIPAA
         2. Mandatory reporting
            1. Abuse &Neglect
            2. Criminal acts
            3. Injuries by weapons
            4. Threats to self
            5. Certain infectious diseases and sexual trauma
      6. Maintaining Safety During Hospitalization
         1. Atraumatic Care
         2. Use of Restraints
            1. soft limb
            2. Elbow
            3. Mummy
            4. Jacket (vest)
         3. Transporting
      7. Basic Care
         1. General hygiene
         2. Nutritional care
         3. Play therapy
      8. Preparing child & family for discharge
         1. Follow-up appointments/ Referrals
         2. Diet
         3. Activity &/or return to school
         4. Medications
         5. Additional treatments
8. Identify basic principles and techniques for physical assessment for pediatric patients.
   1. Admission
      1. DaLabs
      2. Vital Signs
      3. Height/Weight
      4. Intravenous Access 
      5. Nutritional Assessment-age appropriate
      6. Allergies
      7. Activity Level
      8. Family Involvement
      9. Elimination
         1. Diapering/voiding
         2. Special needs (wheelchair, crib, etc.) 
         3. Focused Assessment
            1. Reason for hospitalization/chief complaint
9. Recognizes the holistic concept of care of critically ill, dying children, and the family.
10. Define Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy.
11. Identify common diseases and/or disorders of childhood in relation to body systems and describes etiology, signs/symptoms, treatment, and nursing interventions unique to the pediatric patient. 
    1. Conditions related to inadequate nutrition
       1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
       2. Protein malnutrition (Kwashiorkor) 
       3. Rickets
       4. Scurvy
       5. Pellagra
       6. Failure to Thrive
    2. Neurological Disorders
       1. Meningitis
       2. Seizures
          1. Epilepsy
          2. Febrile seizures
       3. Cerebral Palsy
       4. Head Injuries
       5. Reye’s Syndrome
       6. Encephalitis
       7. Hydrocephalus
    3. Sensory Disorder
       1. Blindness
       2. Deafness
       3. Eye Disorders
          1. Myopia
          2. Hyperopia
          3. Astigmatism
          4. Strabismus
          5. Amblyopia
          6. Conjunctivitis
          7. Retinoblastoma
          8. Stye  
       4. Ear Disorders
          1. Otitis Externa
          2. Otitis Media
          3. Barotrauma
    4. Respiratory Disorders
       1. Nasopharyngitis, Coryza, Cold and Rhinitis
       2. Tonsillitis/adenoiditis
       3. Croup
          1. Congential laryngeal stridor
          2. Spasmodic laryngitis
          3. Laryngotracheobronchitis
       4. Pneumonias
       5. Bronchitis/ Bronchiolitis
       6. Epiglottitis
       7. Asthma
       8. Streptococcal infection
       9. Cystic Fibrosis
    5. Cardiovascular Disorders
       1. Congential Heart Defects
          1. Atrial Septal Defect
          2. Ventricular Septal Defect
          3. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
          4. Coarctation of the Aorta
          5. Tetralogy of Fallot 
          6. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
          7. Transposition of the Great Vessels
       2. Acquired Heart Diseases
          1. Congestive Heart Failure
          2. Rheumatic Fever/ Carditis
          3. Hypertension/Hyperlipidema
          4. Kawasaki Disease
    6. Endocrine Disorders 
       1. Tay-Sachs Disease
       2. Hypothyroidism/ Hyperthyroidism
       3. Diabetes Insipidus
       4. Diabetes Mellitus
          1. Type 1
          2. Type 2
    7. Gastrointestinal Disorders
       1. Infecitous/Epidemic Diarrhea
       2. Constipation
       3. Colic
       4. Vomiting & Regurgitation
       5. Intussusception
       6. Esophageal Atresia (Tracheoesophageal Fistula) 
       7. Imperforate Anus
       8. Pyloric Stenosis
       9. Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon or Hirschsprung’s Disease
       10. Types of Hernias
       11. Celiac Disease
       12. Helminths
           1. Enterobiaisis (Pinworms)
           2. Ascariasis (Roundworms)
       13. Appendicitis
    8. Urinary/ Renal Disorders
       1. Phimosis/ Hypospadias/ Epispadias
       2. Exstrophy of the bladder
       3. Obstructive uropathy
       4. Nephrotic Syndrome
       5. Glomerulonephritis
       6. Urinary tract infections
       7. Wilm’s Tumor
    9. Reproductive Disorders
       1. Orchipexy
       2. Hydrocele
       3. Cryptorchidism
       4. Testicular torsion
       5. Dysmenorrhea
       6. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
       7. Adolescent Pregnancy 
    10. Musculoskeletal Disorders
        1. Fractures
        2. Soft Tissue Injuries
        3. Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
        4. Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
        5. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis)
        6. Ewing’s Sarcoma
        7. Spinal Defects/Deformities
           1. Scoliosis
           2. Lordosis
           3. Kyphosis
        8. Osteomyelitis
    11. Integumentary Disorders 
        1. Infantile Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
        2. Congenital Lestions
           1. Strawberry Nevus
           2. Port-wine Nevus
        3. Miliaria
        4. Dermatitis/ Intertrigo
        5. Lice
           1. Pediculosis capitis
           2. Pediculosis corporis
           3. Pediculosis pubis
        6. Scabies
        7. Ringworm
           1. Tinea pedis
           2. Tinea corporis
           3. Tinea cruris
           4. Tinea capitis
        8. Acne Vulgaris
        9. Lyme Disease
    12. Hematologic/Lymphatic Disorders
        1. Sickle Cell Disease
        2. Thalassemias
        3. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)
        4. Leukemia
        5. Hemophillia
        6. Lymphadenopathy
        7. Hodgkin’s Disease
        8. Infectious Mononucleosis
        9. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
12. Identify common communicable diseases of childhood and describes etiology, signs/symptoms, treatment, and nursing interventions. 
    1. Rubella
    2. Rubeola
    3. Roseola
    4. Parotitis
    5. Varicella
    6. Variola
    7. Pertussis
    8. Diphtheria
    9. Poliomyelitis
    10. Hepatitis A, B, C
    11. Rotavirus
    12. Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
    13. Haemophilus influenza
    14. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
    15. Pneumococcal infections
    16. Staphylococcal infections
    17. Meningococcal infections
    18. Sepsis
    19. Impetigo
13. Identify common mental health issues related to childhood and describes etiology, signs/symptoms, treatment, and nursing interventions. 
    1. Eating Disorders 
       1. Obesity
       2. Anorexia Nervosa
       3. Bulimia Nervosa
    2. Substance Abuse
    3. Suicide
    4. Down’s Syndrome
    5. Autism/ Asperger Syndrome
    6. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
    7. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
    8. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
14. Identify common pediatric emergencies and describes signs/symptoms, treatment, and nursing interventions. 
    1. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
    2. Accidents
    3. Drowning/ Near Drowning
    4. Poisoning
       1. Plants
       2. Drugs
          1. Acetaminophen
          2. Salicylate
          3. Other
       3. Lead
       4. Carbon Monoxide
    5. Foreign Body Ingestion
    6. Burns
    7. Smoke Inhalation Injury
    8. Frostbite/Chilblain
    9. Disaster/Bioterrorism
15. Identify professional responsibilities of the Practical Nurse related to pediatric patients, including but not limited to:
    1. Legal/Ethical issues
    2. Child abuse/neglect
    3. Guardianship
    4. Community resources

LPN (non-req) 3040 - Pharmacology II

1. Differentiate between pharmacology and drug therapy.
2. Select authoritative sources of drug information.
3. Discuss major drug laws and standards.
4. Describe the main categories of controlled substances in relation to therapeutic use and potential for abuse.
5. Identify nursing responsibilities in handling controlled substances correctly.
6. Discuss the role of the Food and Drug Administration.
7. Analyze the potential impact of drug costs on drug therapy regimens.
8. Describe the main pathways and mechanisms by which drugs cross biologic membranes and move through the body.
9. Identify and develop basic knowledge of general pharmacokinetics for each body system and/or classification of drugs.
   1. Describe the principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body
   2. Discuss the clinical usefulness of measuring serum drug levels
   3. Describe major characteristics of the receptor theory of drug action
   4. List drug-related and patient-related variables that affect drug actions
10. Differentiate between agonist drugs and antagonist drugs.
11. Discuss mechanisms and potential effects of drug-drug interactions.
12. Identify signs and symptoms that may occur with adverse drug effects on major body systems.
13. Discuss general management of drug overdose and toxicity.
    1. Discuss selected drug antidotes
    2. Discuss interventions to increase therapeutic effects and decrease adverse effects of drug therapy
14. Describe major considerations in drug therapy for children, adults, and patients with impaired renal or hepatic function or critical illness.
15. Discuss application of the nursing process in home care settings.
16. Identify and have basic knowledge of common drug classifications, drug actions, side effects, nursing considerations, client education, and precautions with administration.
    1. Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) 
       1. Discuss signs and symptoms of CNS depression and CNS stimulation
       2. Discuss general types and characteristics of CNS depressant drugs
       3. Describe specific antidotes for overdoses of central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs and the circumstances indicating their use
       4. List characteristics of benzodiazepine antianxiety and hypnotic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, nursing process implications, and potential for abuse and dependence
       5. Describe strategies for preventing, recognizing, or treating benzodiazepine withdrawal reactions
       6. Contrast characteristics of selected non-benzodiazepines and benzodiazepines
       7. Discuss the use of flumazenil and other treatment measures for overdose of benzodiazepines
       8. Discuss characteristics of phenothiazines and related antipsychotics
       9. Compare characteristics of “atypical” antipsychotic drugs with those of “typical” phenothiazines and related antipsychotic drugs
       10. State interventions to decrease adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs
       11. State interventions to promote compliance with outpatient use of antipsychotic drugs
       12. Discuss characteristics of antidepressants in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, adverse effects, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       13. Compare and contrast the different categories of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), mixed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and other atypical antidepressants
       14. Discuss selected characteristics of atypical antidepressants
       15. Describe the use of lithium in bipolar disorder
       16. Describe the use of atypical antipsychotics in the manic phase of bipolar disorder
       17. Discuss interventions to increase safety of lithium therapy
       18. Describe the nursing role in preventing, recognizing, and treating overdoses of antidepressant drugs and lithium
       19. Analyze important factors in using antidepressant drugs and lithium in special populations
       20. Describe general characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants
       21. Discuss reasons for decreased use of amphetamines for therapeutic purposes
       22. Discuss the rationale for treating attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder with CNS stimulants
       23. Identify effects and sources of caffeine
       24. Identify nursing interventions to prevent, recognize, and treat stimulant overdose
    2. Drugs Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 
       1. State names and general characteristics of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system
       2. Identify effects produced by stimulation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors
       3. List characteristics of adrenergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, adverse effects, nursing process implications, principles of therapy, and observation of patient responses
       4. Discuss use of epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock, acute bronchospasm, and cardiac arrest
       5. Identify patients at risk for the adverse effects associated with adrenergic drugs
       6. List commonly used over-the-counter preparations and herbal preparations that contain adrenergic drugs
       7. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using adrenergic drugs in special populations
       8. Describe signs and symptoms of toxicity due to noncatecholamine adrenergic drugs
       9. Discuss treatment of overdose with noncatecholamine adrenergic drugs
       10. List characteristics of antiadrenergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, nursing process implications, principles of therapy, and observation of patient response
       11. Discuss alpha1-adrenergic blocking drugs and alpha2-adrenergic agonists in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and other selected characteristics
       12. Compare and contrast beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in terms of cardioselectivity, indications for use, adverse effects, and other selected characteristics
       13. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using antiadrenergic drugs in special populations
       14. Describe effects and indications for use of selected cholinergic drugs
       15. Discuss drug therapy for myasthenia gravis
       16. Discuss the use of cholinergic drug therapy for paralytic ileus and urinary retention
       17. Discuss drug therapy for Alzheimer’s disease
       18. Describe major nursing care needs of patients receiving cholinergic drugs
       19. Describe signs, symptoms, and treatment of overdose with cholinergic drugs
       20. Discuss atropine and pralidoxime as antidotes for cholinergic drugs
       21. Discuss principles of therapy for using cholinergic drugs in special populations
       22. List characteristics of anticholinergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, nursing process implications, observation of patient response, and teaching patients
       23. Discuss atropine as the prototype of anticholinergic drugs
       24. Discuss clinical disorders or symptoms for which anticholinergic drugs are used
       25. Describe the mechanism by which atropine relieves bradycardia
       26. Review anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines
       27. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using anticholinergic drugs in special populations
       28. Describe the signs and symptoms of atropine or anticholinergic drug overdose and its treatment
    3. Drugs used to fight infection
       1. Outline common and potentially serious adverse effects of antimicrobial drugs
       2. Identify patients at increased risk for adverse drug reactions to antimicrobial drugs
       3. Discuss ways to increase benefits and decrease hazards of antimicrobial drug therapy
       4. Discuss ways to minimize emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms
       5. State appropriate nursing implications for a patient receiving an antimicrobial drug
       6. Discuss important elements of using antimicrobial drugs in children, older adults, patients with renal or hepatic impairment, and patients with critical illness
       7. Describe general characteristics of beta-lactam antibiotics
       8. Discuss penicillins in relation to effectiveness, safety, spectrum of antibacterial activity, mechanism of action, indications for use, administration, observation of patient response, and teaching of patients
       9. Differentiate among extended-spectrum penicillins
       10. Describe characteristics of beta-lactamase inhibitor drugs
       11. Discuss similarities and differences between cephalosporins and penicillins
       12. Differentiate cephalosporins in relation to antibacterial spectrum, indications for use, and adverse effects
       13. Describe major characteristics of carbapenem and monobactam drugs
       14. Identify characteristics of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in relation to effectiveness, safety, spectrum of antimicrobial activity, indications for use, administration, and observation of patient responses
       15. Recognize factors influencing selection and dosage of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones
       16. Discuss the importance of measuring serum drug levels during aminoglycoside therapy
       17. Describe measures to decrease nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with aminoglycosides
       18. Describe characteristics, uses, adverse effects, and nursing process implications of fluoroquinolones
       19. Discuss major characteristics and clinical uses of tetracyclines
       20. Recognize doxycycline as the tetracycline of choice in renal failure
       21. Discuss characteristics, clinical uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications of selected sulfonamides
       22. Recognize trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as a combination drug that is commonly used for urinary tract and systemic infections
       23. Describe the use of urinary antiseptics in the treatment of urinary tract infections
       24. Identify characteristics and specific uses of macrolide and ketolide antibacterials
       25. Compare and contrast macrolides and ketolides with other commonly used antibacterial drugs
       26. Discuss characteristics and clinical indications for using chloramphenicol, clindamycin, daptomycin, linezolid, metronidazole, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifaximin, spectinomycin, and vancomycin
       27. Discuss the roles of metronidazole and oral vancomycin in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis
       28. List characteristics, uses, effects, and nursing implications of using primary antitubercular drugs
       29. Describe the rationale for multiple-drug therapy in treatment of tuberculosis
       30. Discuss ways to increase adherence to antitubercular drug therapy regimens
       31. Describe factors affecting drug therapy in multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) 
       32. Discuss difficulties in developing and using antiviral drugs
       33. Differentiate types of antiviral drugs used for various viral infections
       34. Describe selected antiviral drugs in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       35. Discuss the rationale for using combinations of drugs in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
       36. Describe commonly used antifungal drugs in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       37. Differentiate between adverse effects associated with systemic and topical antifungal drugs.
    4. Drugs used to manage pain
       1. List characteristics of opioid analgesics in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, and major adverse effects
       2. Describe morphine as the prototype of opioid analgesics
       3. Explain why higher doses of opioid analgesics are needed when the drugs are given orally
       4. Contrast the use of opioid analgesics in opioid-naive and opioid-tolerant patients
       5. Describe characteristics and treatment of opioid toxicity
       6. Discuss principles of therapy for using opioid analgesics in special populations
       7. Discuss non-opioid drugs used in pain management
       8. Discuss aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, contraindications to use, nursing process, and principles of therapy
       9. Compare and contrast aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen in terms of indications for use and adverse effects
       10. Differentiate among antiplatelet, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory doses of aspirin
       11. Differentiate between nonselective NSAIDs and the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib
       12. Identify factors influencing the use of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen in special populations
       13. Discuss recognition and management of acetaminophen toxicity
       14. Discuss the use of NSAIDs and antigout drugs
       15. Discuss the use of NSAIDs, triptans, and ergot antimigraine drugs
    5. Drugs Affecting the Neuromuscular System 
       1. Discuss major factors that influence choice of an antiseizure drug for a patient with a seizure disorder
       2. Recognize characteristics and effects of commonly used antiseizure drugs
       3. Differentiate between older and more recent antiseizure drugs
       4. Compare advantages and disadvantages between monotherapy and combination drug therapy for seizure disorders
       5. Apply the nursing process with patients receiving antiseizure drugs
       6. Discuss the use of antiseizure drugs in special populations
       7. Differentiate the types of commonly used antiparkinson drugs
       8. Discuss therapeutic and adverse effects of dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs
       9. Discuss the use of antiparkinson drugs in selected populations
       10. Discuss common symptoms and disorders for which skeletal muscle relaxants are used
       11. Differentiate uses and effects of selected skeletal muscle relaxants
    6. Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System 
       1. Identify general categories of drugs used to treat respiratory disorders
       2. Discuss the uses and effects of bronchodilating drugs, including adrenergics, anticholinergics, and xanthines
       3. Differentiate between short-acting and long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists in terms of uses and nursing process implications
       4. Discuss the uses of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and mast cell stabilizers
       5. Discuss reasons for using inhaled drugs when possible
       6. Differentiate between “quick relief” and long-term control of asthma symptoms
       7. Discuss the use of antiasthmatic drugs in special populations
       8. Delineate effects of histamine on selected body tissues
       9. Discuss allergic rhinitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and drug allergies as conditions for which antihistamines are commonly used
       10. Identify the effects of histamine that are blocked by histamine1 (H1) receptor antagonist drugs
       11. Differentiate first- and second-generation antihistamines
       12. Describe antihistamines in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       13. Discuss the use of antihistamines in special populations
       14. Review decongestant and adverse effects of adrenergic drugs
       15. Describe general characteristics and effects of antitussive agents
       16. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using combination products to treat the common cold
       17. Evaluate over-the-counter allergy, cold, cough, and sinus remedies for personal or patients’ use.
    7. Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
       1. Discuss atherosclerosis as the basic disorder causing many cardiovascular disorders for which drug therapy is required
       2. Differentiate the types of drugs used to treat heart failure (HF)
       3. Identify the role of digoxin in the management of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation
       4. List characteristics of digoxin in terms of effects on myocardial contractility and cardiac conduction, indications for use, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       5. Differentiate digitalizing and maintenance doses of digoxin
       6. Explain the roles of potassium chloride, lidocaine, atropine, and digoxin immune fab in the management of digoxin toxicity
       7. Discuss the roles of sodium channel, beta-adrenergic, potassium channel, and calcium channel blockers along with two unclassified drugs in the management of dysrhythmias
       8. Describe the nursing process implications and actions related to caring for patients using selected antidysrhythmic drugs
       9. Describe principles of therapy to include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures to manage tachydysrhythmias
       10. Describe general characteristics and types of antianginal drugs
       11. Discuss nitrate antianginals in terms of indications for use, routes of administration, adverse effects, nursing process implications, and drug tolerance
       12. Differentiate between short-acting and long-acting dosage forms of nitrate antianginal drugs
       13. Use the nursing process in the care of individuals on antianginal and adjunctive therapy for treatment of myocardial ischemia\
       14. Describe therapeutic and adverse effects of vasopressor drugs used in the management of hypotension and shock
       15. Review the effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics in hypertension
       16. Discuss angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in terms of mechanisms of action, indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       17. Describe the rationale for using combination drugs in the ¬management of hypertension
       18. Discuss interventions to increase therapeutic effects and ¬minimize adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs
       19. Discuss the use of antihypertensive drugs in special populations
       20. List characteristics of diuretics in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       21. Discuss major adverse effects of thiazide, loop, and potassium-sparing diuretics
       22. Identify patients at risk for developing adverse reactions to diuretic administration
       23. Recognize commonly used potassium-losing and potassium-sparing diuretics
       24. Discuss the rationale for using combination products containing a potassium-losing and a potassium-sparing diuretic
       25. Discuss the rationale for concomitant use of a loop diuretic and a thiazide or related diuretic
       26. Discuss important elements of diuretic therapy in special populations
       27. Compare and contrast heparin and warfarin in terms of indications for use, onset and duration of action, route of administration, blood tests used to monitor effects, and nursing process implications
       28. Discuss antiplatelet agents in terms of indications for use and effects on blood coagulation
       29. Describe thrombolytic agents in terms of indications and contraindications for use, routes of administration, and major adverse effects
       30. Describe systemic hemostatic agents for treating overdoses of anticoagulant and thrombolytic drugs
       31. Use the nursing process in the care of patients on anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic agents
       32. Describe dyslipidemic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, major adverse effects, and nursing process implications.
    8. Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
       1. Compare steroid and protein hormones in relation to site of action and pharmacokinetics
       2. Differentiate between physiologic and pharmacologic doses of hormonal drugs
       3. Identify clinical uses of selected hormones
       4. Recognize the limitations of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones as therapeutic agents
       5. Identify major nursing considerations in the care of patients receiving specific hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
       6. Review physiologic effects of endogenous corticosteroids
       7. Discuss clinical indications for use of exogenous corticosteroids
       8. Differentiate between physiologic and pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids
       9. Differentiate between short-term and long-term corticosteroid therapy
       10. Recognize at least 10 adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy
       11. Examine the potential benefits for administering corticosteroids topically when possible rather than systemically
       12. Analyze the use other drugs and interventions to decrease the need for corticosteroids
       13. Discuss the use of corticosteroids in selected populations and conditions
       14. Apply the nursing process with a patient receiving long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy, including teaching needs
       15. Describe characteristics, uses, and effects of thyroid drugs
       16. Identify characteristics, uses, and effects of antithyroid drugs
       17. Evaluate the influence of thyroid and antithyroid drugs on the metabolism of other drugs
       18. Evaluate the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis
       19. Describe major effects of endogenous insulin on body tissues
       20. Discuss characteristics and uses of the various types of insulins and insulin analogs
       21. Differentiate types of oral agents used to manage diabetes mellitus in terms of mechanisms of action, indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       22. State reasons for combinations of insulin and oral agents or different types of oral agents
       23. List the three common types of insulins, stating their onset, peak, and duration of action; and the four common groups of oral anti-diabetic agents, identifying examples of each group.
       24. Outline the benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
       25. Recognize adverse effects associated with estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives
       26. Apply nursing process with patients taking estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives
       27. Discuss uses and effects of exogenous androgens and anabolic steroids
       28. Identify potential consequences of abusing androgens and anabolic steroids.
    9. Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System
       1. Identify general categories of drugs used to treat gastrointestinal disorders
       2. Discuss the effects of non-gastrointestinal drugs on gastrointestinal functioning
       3. Describe adverse effects associated with overdoses of vitamins
       4. Discuss the rationale for administering vitamin K to newborns
       5. Describe treatment of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride imbalances
       6. Describe treatment of iron deficiency anemia
       7. Discuss the chelating agents used to remove excessive copper, iron, and lead from body tissues
       8. Assist patients with effective use of approved weight-loss drugs, when indicated
       9. Differentiate the types of drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and acid reflux disorders
       10. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of proton pump inhibitors
       11. Differentiate between prescription and over-the-counter uses of histamine2 receptor blocking agents
       12. Discuss significant drug-drug interactions with cimetidine
       13. Describe characteristics, uses, and effects of selected antacids
       14. Discuss the rationale for using combination antacid products
       15. Differentiate the major types of laxatives according to effects on the gastrointestinal tract
       16. Differentiate the consequences of occasional laxative use from those of chronic laxative use
       17. Discuss rational choices of laxatives for selected patient populations or purposes
       18. Discuss possible reasons for and hazards of overuse and abuse of laxatives
       19. Describe types of diarrhea in which antidiarrheal drug therapy may be indicated
       20. Differentiate the major types of antidiarrheal drugs
       21. Discuss characteristics, effects, and nursing process implications of commonly used antidiarrheal agents
       22. Differentiate the major types of antiemetic drugs
       23. Discuss characteristics, effects, and nursing process implications of selected antiemetic drugs
    10. Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems
        1. Discuss common characteristics of immunizations
        2. Discuss the importance of immunizations in promoting health and preventing disease
        3. Identify authoritative sources for immunization information
        4. Discuss ways to promote immunization of all age groups
        5. Discuss the use of hematopoietic agents in the treatment of anemia
        6. Discuss the use of filgrastim and sargramostim in neutropenia and bone marrow transplantation
        7. Describe the adverse effects and nursing process implications of administering filgrastim and sargramostim
        8. Discuss interferons in terms of clinical uses, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
        9. Discuss characteristics and uses of major immunosuppressant drugs in autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation
        10. Identify adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
        11. Discuss nursing interventions to decrease adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
        12. Describe major types of antineoplastic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, administration, and nursing process implications
        13. Discuss the rationales for using antineoplastic drugs in combination with each other, with surgical treatment, and with radiation therapy
    11. Drugs Used in Ophthalmic Conditions
        1. Discuss selected drugs in relation to their use in ocular disorders
        2. Use correct techniques to administer ophthalmic medications
        3. Assess for ocular effects of systemic drugs and systemic effects of ophthalmic drugs
    12. Drugs Used in Dermatologic Conditions
        1. Review characteristics of skin structures that influence drug therapy of dermatologic disorders
        2. Discuss antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and selected miscellaneous drugs in relation to their use in dermatologic disorders
        3. Use correct techniques to administer dermatologic medications

LPN (non-req) 3050 - Medical & Surgical Nursing II

1. Safely and effectively apply scientific principles of nursing to the care of the adult medical-surgical patient.
2. Recognize the grieving process:
   1. Trauma
   2. Terminal illness
   3. Complications of perioperative care
3. Identify the PN’s role in providing care to the acutely ill patient.
4. Recognize pathophysiological changes related to disease processes in the care of the adult patient.
   1. Identify signs and symptoms of diseases related to each body system
   2. Identify diagnostic studies in relation to each body system
   3. Identify treatment modalities as related to diseases
   4. Identify nursing measures as indicated in the following disorders:
      1. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Disorders
         1. Differentiate among the following fluid compartments: intracellular, extracellular, interstitial, and intravascular.
         2. Discuss at least four major nursing responsibilities associated with laboratory tests ordered by a clinician.
         3. In the clinical laboratory, demonstrate a client and family teaching session, emphasizing the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance and the types of care that may be needed for the client.
         4. Identify at least four possible causes of the two major types of fluid imbalances (fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit), including at least two nursing considerations for each cause.
         5. State at least two nursing considerations for each: dependent edema, sacral edema, pitting and non-pitting edema, and pulmonary edema.
         6. State the normal serum levels for the following electrolytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphorus.
         7. Identify at least four causes of each type of electrolyte imbalance.
         8. Discuss the major symptoms associated with each type of electrolyte imbalance, stating at least three nursing considerations related to each condition.
         9. Differentiate among the four major types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis.
            1. Identify at least four nursing considerations related to the data collection, assessment, monitoring, and care of a client with acidosis and a client with alkalosis. 
            2. Neurological Disorders
               1. List physiological changes that occur in the nervous system with aging.
               2. Discuss the Glasgow coma scale.
               3. Identify the significant subjective and objective data related to the nervous system that should be obtained for a patient during assessment.
               4. Explain the importance of prevention in problems of the nervous system, and give several examples of prevention. 
               5. Differentiate between normal and common abnormal findings of a physical assessment of the nervous system.
               6. List common laboratory and diagnostic examinations for evaluation of neurological disorders.
               7. Differentiate among the following diagnostic tests: computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral angiography, cerebral arteriography, myelography, brain scan, electroencephalography, and videotelemetry.
               8. Discuss the nursing care involved for a client before and after a lumbar puncture (LP).
               9. Compare and contrast migraine and cluster headaches, including nursing considerations for each condition.
               10. List four classifications of seizures, their characteristics, clinical signs, aura, and postictal period.
               11. Identify the main characteristics of at least three types of partial seizures and at least six types of general seizures.
               12. Discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing implications for the following disorders involving nerves: trigeminal neuralgia, Bell’s palsy, and herpes zoster.
               13. Discuss various neurological disturbances in motor function and sensory/perceptual function.
               14. Compare paraplegia with quadriplegia, including a discussion of at least four differences in nursing care for each condition.
               15. Give examples of six degenerative neurological diseases and explain the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for each.
               16. Describe at least five signs and symptoms, therapies, and at least five nursing considerations for each of the following degenerative disorders: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
               17. Discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, therapies, and at least five nursing considerations for each of the following inflammatory disorders: brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, post-polio syndrome, and acute transverse myelitis.
               18. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for intracranial tumors, craniocerebral trauma, and spinal trauma.
               19. List five signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and why they occur, as well as nursing interventions that decrease intracranial pressure.
               20. Explain the nursing care required for clients with concussion, brain laceration and contusion, skull fractures, and hematoma.
               21. Identify at least three pre- and postoperative nursing considerations for a client undergoing craniotomy.
               22. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for a stroke patient.
               23. Explain the mechanism of injury to the brain that occurs with a stroke and traumatic brain injury.
               24. Discuss patient teaching and home care planning for the patient with stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and myasthenia gravis.
            3. Sensory Disorders
               1. Describe two changes in the sensory system that occurs as a result of the normal aging process.
               2. Describe the purpose, significance of results, and nursing responsibilities related to diagnostic studies of the visual and auditory systems.
               3. Describe age-related changes in the visual and auditory systems and differences in assessment findings.
               4. State at least ten nursing considerations for the care of the client with: a visual deficit, including pre- and postoperative nursing considerations; a hearing deficit.
               5. Define radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
               6. Define the following refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
               7. Describe the following: inflammatory and infectious eye disorders (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, hordeolum, chalazion, trachoma, and keratitis); structural disorders (ectropion, entropion, and ptosis).
               8. Differentiate chronic open-angle glaucoma, acute closed-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma, identifying at least three nursing considerations for each disorder.
               9. Explain the causes and treatments for cataracts.
               10. Identify at least two nursing considerations for each of the following types of eye traumas: hematoma, foreign bodies, hyphema, chemical burns, corneal abrasions, and detached retina.
               11. Describe inflammatory conditions of the lid, conjunctiva, and cornea with etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
               12. Compare the nature of cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, and the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
               13. Discuss corneal injuries including etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
               14. List tips for communicating with hearing- and sight-impaired people.
               15. Give patient instructions regarding care of the eye and ear in accordance with written protocol.
               16. Compare and contrast conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, central hearing loss, and functional hearing loss.
               17. Discuss noninfectious disorders of the ear, including etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
               18. Discuss the causes and at least two nursing interventions for each of the following disorders of the external ear: impacted earwax, furuncles, foreign objects, external otitis, fungal infections, and punctured tympanic membrane; and disorders of the middle ear: otitis media, serous otitis media, acute purulent otitis media, and chronic otitis media.
               19. Describe the appropriate care of the hearing aid.
               20. Describe the care of a client who is to undergo a tympanoplasty and myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes.
               21. Identify communication resources for people with visual and/or hearing impairment.
               22. Describe home health considerations for people with eye or ear disorders, surgery, or visual and hearing impairments.
               23. Describe the various surgeries of the ear, including the nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
               24. Discuss at least three nursing considerations for a client with Meniere’s disease.
               25. Identify at least two nursing considerations for clients with a tactile, gustatory, or olfactory disorder.
            4. Respiratory Disorders
               1. Differentiate the following Respiratory disorders: Acute asthma, streptococcal throat infectious, influenza, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and emphysema.
               2. Describe nursing interventions to assist patients with retained pulmonary secretions.
               3. Identify signs and symptoms that indicate a patient is experiencing hypoxia.
               4. Identify strategies the nurse can teach patients to decrease the risk of infection.
               5. Differentiate between tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis.
               6. Discuss medications commonly prescribed for the patient with tuberculosis.
               7. Discuss the principle of low-flow oxygen required for patients with emphysema.
               8. Compare/contrast nursing assessment and interventions for the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the patient with pneumonia.
               9. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient with a laryngectomy.
               10. Identify possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with altered respiratory function.
               11. Identify nursing interventions relevant to psychosocial concerns of the patient with altered respiratory functions.
               12. Discuss risk factors associated with pulmonary emboli.
            5. Cardiovascular or Peripheral Vascular Disorders
               1. Discuss the location, size, and position of the heart.
               2. Identify the chambers of the heart.
               3. List the functions of the chambers of the heart.
               4. Identify the valves of the heart and their locations.
               5. Discuss the electrical conduction system that causes the cardiac muscle fibers to contract.
               6. Explain what produces the two main heart sounds.
               7. Trace the path of blood through the coronary circulation.
               8. Discuss risk factors in coronary artery disease (CAD), differentiating factors which can be modified and those that cannot.
               9. Describe diagnostic tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function.
               10. Describe five cardiac dysrhythmias.
               11. Compare etiology/pathophysiology, signs and systems, medical management, and nursing interventions for patients with angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction, or heart failure.
               12. Specify patient teaching for patients with cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valvular heart disease.
               13. Discuss the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema.
               14. Discuss medical management and nursing interventions for the patient with pulmonary edema.
               15. Identify risk factors associated with peripheral vascular system.
               16. Describe the effects of aging on the peripheral vascular system.
               17. Compare and contrast signs and symptoms associated with arterial and venous disorder.
               18. Discuss nursing interventions for arterial and venous disorders.
               19. Compare essential (primary) hypertension and secondary hypertension.
               20. Discuss the importance of patient education for hypertension.
               21. Discuss appropriate patient education for thrombophlebitis.
            6. Endocrine Disorders
               1. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis for patients with acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism, diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid cancer, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, and Addison’s disease.
               2. Name the common laboratory tests and radiology procedures performed to evaluate functioning of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, and pancreas.
               3. Explain how to test for Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, and carpopedal spasms.
               4. Differentiate the four major tests used to test blood glucose levels.
               5. Describe the difference between gigantism and acromegaly, and SIADH and diabetes insipidus.
               6. Compare and contrast Graves’ disease, cretinism, and myxedema, including at least three nursing considerations for each.
               7. List two significant complications that may occur after thyroidectomy.
               8. Identify at least five pre- and postoperative nursing considerations for a client who needs a thyroidectomy.
               9. Explain the differences between hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.
               10. Describe the three major adrenal gland disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, primary aldosteronism, and Addison’s disease.
               11. Describe the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis for patient with diabetes mellitus.
               12. Explain the interrelationship of nutrition, exercise, and medication in the control of diabetes mellitus.
               13. Discuss the various insulin types and their characteristics.
               14. Differentiate between the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
               15. List five nursing interventions that foster self-care in the activities of daily living of the patient with diabetes mellitus.
               16. Discuss the acute and long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
               17. Differentiate among the following type: type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and impaired glucose homeostasis.
               18. Compare and contrast hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and nonketotic hyperosmolar state, including causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and nursing considerations.
               19. Identify two examples of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes.
               20. Prepare a diabetic client teaching plan that addresses at least ten topics for discussion.
               21. Demonstrate the use of a blood glucose monitor in the skills laboratory
            7. Gastrointestinal Disorders
               1. Describe common diagnostic tests performed on clients with gastrointestinal disorders.
               2. Describe nursing measures after liver biopsy.
               3. Explain nursing management of clients undergoing diagnostic testing for a gastrointestinal disorder.
               4. Discuss assessment findings and treatment of eating disorders, esophageal disorders, and gastric disorders.
               5. Describe the nursing management of a client with a nasogastric or gastrointestinal tube or gastrostomy.
               6. Identify strategies for relieving upper gastrointestinal discomfort.
               7. Discuss the nursing management of clients undergoing gastric surgery.
               8. List factors that contribute to constipation and diarrhea and describe nursing management for clients with these problems.
               9. Explain the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
               10. Contrast Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
               11. Describe the features of appendicitis and peritonitis.
               12. Describe nursing management for a client with acute abdominal inflammatory disorders.
               13. Describe the nurse’s role as related to care measures for the client with intestinal obstruction.
               14. Differentiate between diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
               15. Identify factors that contribute to the formation of an abdominal hernia.
               16. Discuss nursing management for a client requiring surgical repair of a hernia.
               17. Describe warning signs of colorectal cancer.
               18. List common problems that accompany anorectal disorders.
               19. Explain possible causes of jaundice.
               20. List common findings manifested by clients with cirrhosis.
               21. Discuss common complications of cirrhosis.
               22. Identify the modes of transmission of viral hepatitis.
               23. Discuss nursing management for clients with a medically or surgically treated liver disorder.
               24. Identify factors that contribute to, signs and symptoms of, and medical treatments for cholecystitis.
               25. Name techniques for gallbladder removal.
               26. Summarize the nursing management of clients undergoing medical or surgical treatment of a gallbladder disorder.
               27. Describe the treatment and nursing management of pancreatitis.
               28. Describe the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma.
               29. Explain the nursing management of clients undergoing pancreatic surgery.
               30. Differentiate between ileostomy and colostomy.
               31. Discuss preoperative nursing care of a client undergoing ostomy surgery.
               32. List complications associated with ostomy surgery.
               33. Discuss postoperative nursing management of a client with an ileostomy.
               34. Describe the components used to apply and collect stool from an intestinal ostomy.
               35. Cite reasons for changing an ostomy appliance.
               36. Explain how stool is released from a continent ileostomy.
               37. Describe the two-part procedure needed to create an ileoanal reservoir.
               38. Discuss various types of colostomies.
               39. Explain ways that clients with descending or sigmoid colostomies may regulate bowel elimination.
            8. Urinary/Renal Disorders
               1. Discuss the purpose and nursing responsibilities related to the common diagnostic tests and procedures performed on the urine, kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
               2. Discuss the prevention of and observation for side effects of diuretic therapy.
               3. Discuss the treatment and nursing care for urinary incontinence.
               4. Describe the treatment and care of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis patient.
               5. Identify methods of preventing complications and renal damage in the patient with an infection of the urinary tract.
               6. Discuss treatment and nursing interventions for the patient with urinary calculi and methods of preventing their formation.
               7. Discuss treatment and care for patients with acute and chronic renal failure.
               8. Explain the purpose of dialysis and differentiate between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.
               9. Differentiate preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for patients with the following methods of urinary diversion: cutaneous ureterostomy and ileal conduit.
               10. Discuss nursing interventions for diagnostic studies of the urinary system.
               11. Identify the nursing responsibilities related to dressings, drains, and urinary drainage tubes after surgery on the urinary tract.
            9. Reproductive Disorders
               1. Discuss the impact of illness on the patient’s sexuality.
               2. Describe nursing interventions for patients with menstrual disturbances.
               3. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient undergoing diagnostic studies related to the reproductive system.
               4. Discuss the importance of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test in early detection of cervical cancer.
               5. Describe the treatment and care of the patient with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, and ovarian cancer.
               6. Identify the clinical manifestations of a vaginal fistula.
               7. Describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for the patient requiring major surgery of the female reproductive system.
               8. Describe the common problems with cystocele, rectocele, and the related medical management and nursing interventions.
               9. Discuss surgical approaches for cancer of the breast.
               10. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient who has had a modified radical mastectomy, including discharge instruction.
               11. Describe nursing interventions for the patient with prostatitis.
               12. Distinguish between hydrocele and varicocele.
               13. Discuss the importance of monthly testicular self-examination beginning at 15 years of age in males.
               14. Discuss patient education related to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
            10. Musculoskeletal Disorders
                1. Discuss the diagnostic procedures pertinent to musculoskeletal function.
                2. Compare methods of assessing circulation, nerve damage, and infection in a patient who has a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system.
                3. Identify at least four major components of nursing care necessary to protect the client from the hazards of immobilization.
                4. Compare the medical regimens for patients suffering from gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
                5. Describe the nursing interventions appropriate for degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis).
                6. List at least four healthy lifestyle measures people can practice to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.
                7. Describe the surgical intervention for arthritis of the hip and knee.
                8. Describe the nursing interventions for the patient undergoing a total hip or knee replacement.
                9. Discuss nursing interventions appropriate for a patient with a fractured hip after open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) and bipolar hip prosthesis (hemiarthroplasty).
                10. Discuss at least six important areas of nursing care for the client who has had an amputation and now has a limb prosthesis.
                11. Describe the phenomenon of phantom pain.
                12. State at least three nursing considerations for clients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscular dystrophy, and osteoporosis.
                13. Differentiate between skin traction and skeletal traction, including indications and nursing considerations for each type of traction.
                14. List at least two types of skin and skeletal traction.
                15. Discuss at least three nursing measures for care of clients with the following treatments: external fixation, ORIF, and arthroplasty.
                16. Identify at least nine complications of fractures or bone surgery.
                17. Explain the difference between primary and metastatic bone tumors.
                18. Discuss the physiology of fracture healing (hematoma, granulation tissue, and callus formation).
                19. Describe the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome.
                20. List nursing interventions appropriate for a fat embolism.
                21. List four nursing interventions appropriate for bone cancer.
            11. Integumentary Disorders
                1. Identify at least eight types of skin lesions, providing an example of each type.
                2. State at least four possible nursing diagnoses for a client with a chronic skin disorder.
                3. Relate at least three nursing interventions for the care of a client with pruritus.
                4. Discuss the following conditions, including at least two nursing considerations for each condition: acute and chronic skin conditions (urticaria, vitiligo, dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis); infections (warts, condylomata acuminata, impetigo, and folliculitis); parasitic infestations (scabies, lice, bedbugs); and sebaceous gland disorders (sebaceous cysts, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, and dandruff).
                5. Describe at least four types of dressings, four types of topical medications, and the processes of debridement and skin grafting that may be used when treating burns.
                6. State the pathophysiology involved in a burn injury.
                7. Discuss the stages of burn care with appropriate nursing interventions.
                8. Identify the methods used to classify the extent of a burn injury.
                9. Identify at least five complications that occur during burn recovery. 
                10. Discuss at least four nursing considerations during the rehabilitative stage of burn healing.
                11. Identify three common nonmalignant and malignant skin lesions.
                12. Discuss at least four interventions that can be used to prevent skin cancer.
            12. Hematologic/Lymphatic Disorders
                1. List the common diagnostic tests for evaluation of blood and lymph disorders, and discuss the significance of the results.
                2. Apply the nursing process to care of the patient with disorders of the hematological and lymphatic systems.
                3. Compare and contrast the different types of anemia in terms of pathophysiology, assessment, medical management, and nursing interventions.
                4. Compare and contrast the disorders of coagulation (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)) in terms of pathophysiology, assessment, and nursing interventions.
                5. Discuss medical management of patients with hemophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC).
                6. List six signs and symptoms associated with hypovolemic shock.
                7. Discuss the important aspects that should be presented in patient teaching and home care planning for the patient with pernicious anemia.
                8. Discuss the prognosis for patients with acute and chronic leukemia.
                9. Discuss the nursing intervention and the patient teaching for the patient with multiple myeloma.
                10. Discuss the primary goal of nursing interventions for the patient with lymphedema.
                11. Differentiate between Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and related medical management and nursing interventions.
            13. Cancer
                1. Discuss the risk factors for the development of and the warning signs.
                2. Discuss development, preventions and detection of cancer.
                3. Define the terminology used to describe cellular changes, characteristics of malignant cells, and types of malignancies.
                4. Describe the pathophysiology of cancer, including the characteristics of malignant cells and the nature of metastasis.
                5. Describe the major categories of chemotherapeutic agents.
                6. Describe the process of metastasis.
                7. Describe reasons for delay in seeking medical care when diagnosis of cancer is suspected.
                8. List common diagnostic test used to identify the presence of cancer.
                9. Define the systems of tumor classification: grading and staging.
                10. Discuss general guidelines for the use of pain relief measures of the patient with advanced cancer.
                11. Describe nursing interventions for the individual undergoing surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation.
            14. Immune Disorders
                1. Differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
                2. Describe mechanisms of immune response.
                3. Compare and contrast humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
                4. Explain the concepts of immunocompetency, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity.
                5. Discuss factors that influence the development of hypersensitivity.
                6. Identify the clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis.
                7. Outline the immediate aggressive treatment of systemic anaphylactic reaction.
                8. Discuss selection of blood donors, typing and cross-matching, storage, and administration in the prevention of transfusion reaction.
                9. Discuss the causation of autoimmune disorders; explain plasmapheresis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
                10. Explain an immunodeficiency disease.
            15. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
                1. Describe the agent that causes HIV.
                2. Describe definition of AIDS given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
                3. Explain the difference between HIV infection, HIV Disease, and AIDS.
                4. Describe the progression of HIV infection.
                5. Discuss how HIV is and is not transmitted.
                6. Discuss the pathophysiology of HIV disease.
                7. Discuss the laboratory and diagnostic tests related to HIV disease.
                8. Describe patients who are at risk for HIV infection.
                9. Discuss the nurse’s role in assisting the HIV-infected patient with coping, grieving, reducing anxiety, and minimizing social isolation.
                10. Identify signs and symptoms that may be indicative of HIV disease.
                11. Identify opportunistic infections associated with advanced HIV and/or AIDS.
                12. Discuss treatments and nursing care for the patient with AIDS.
            16. Care of the Surgical Patient
                1.  Identify the purposes of surgery.
                2. Distinguish among elective, urgent, and emergency surgery.
                3. Describe the pre-admission process.
                4. Discuss laboratory, diagnostic tests and procedures required during perioperative phase.
                5. Discuss factors which influence an individual’s surgical outcome.
                6. Discuss considerations for the older surgical patient during the perioperative phases.
                7. Discuss the emotional impact of surgery.
                8. Describe the care of the client during the pre-operative surgical phase including:
                9. Describe the care of the client during the intra-operative surgical phase. 
                10. Describe the care of the client during the immediate post-operative surgical phase. 
                11. Describe the care of the client during the later post-operative surgical phase.
                12. Discuss the use of pain medication and their effects related to anesthesia
                13. Discuss the nurse’s role in informed consent
                14. Identify medications that are frequently used pre- and post-operatively.
                15. Discuss how the client’s daily medications impact surgery.
                16. Discuss the complications of anesthesia.
                17. Discuss safety as it relates to the surgical patient during the perioperative phases.
                18. Discuss the nursing process in care of the postoperative patient.
                19. Discuss postoperative discharge criteria.
                20. Identify and discuss common complications during the perioperative phases.
                21. Describe the stages of the healing process and complications related to the surgical incision.

LPN (pre-req) 0001 - Worker Characteristic

Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Attendance
   1. Attends class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is asked of them.
3. Teamwork
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communications
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities.
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   5. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

LPN (pre-req) 0002 - Worker Characteristic

Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Attendance
   1. Attends class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is asked of them.
3. Teamwork
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communications
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities.
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   5. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

LPN (pre-req) 0003 - Worker Characteristic

Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of:

1. Attendance
   1. Attends class as scheduled.
   2. Arrives/leaves on time (no tardies).
   3. Notifies instructor prior to or day of being absent.
2. Character
   1. Displays loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness.
   2. Displays dependability and reliability.
   3. Displays initiative, self-discipline and self-responsibility.
   4. Displays self-discipline and performs what is asked of them.
3. Teamwork
   1. Respects the rights of others.
   2. Maintains appropriate confidentiality.
   3. Is a team worker that is cooperative, mannerly, and appropriately assertive.
   4. Displays a customer service attitude.
   5. Seeks opportunities for continuous learning from others.
4. Appearance
   1. Demonstrates appropriate dress indicative of trade.
   2. Demonstrates professional grooming and hygiene.
   3. Presents oneself professionally each day.
5. Attitude
   1. Displays a positive and professional attitude.
   2. Displays self-confidence.
   3. Displays high expectations of success in trade.
6. Productivity
   1. Follows safety practices.
   2. Maintains a neat and clean work area.
   3. Follows directions and procedures.
   4. Completes assignments in keeping with deadlines.
7. Organization Skills
   1. Prioritizes and manages class time.
   2. Demonstrates flexibility in handling change.
8. Communications
   1. Displays appropriate nonverbal skills (eye contact, body language).
   2. Displays appropriate listening skills.
   3. Uses appropriate language on a professional level.
9. Cooperation
   1. Displays leadership skills.
   2. Appropriately handles criticism, conflicts and complaints.
   3. Demonstrates problem-solving capabilities.
   4. Maintains appropriate relationships with instructors and peers.
   5. Follows requests of instructor.
10. Respect
    1. Engages with cultural and racial diversity in a professional manner.
    2. Refrains from engaging in harassment of any kind.
    3. Encourages others to avoid harassment.

LPN (pre-req) 1010 - Basic Nursing Principles

Vocational Relations (VR):
This content area introduces the student to the profession of nursing. The origins of nursing, the present state of the profession, and the trends for the future of practical nursing are discussed. The legal and ethical aspects of nursing are included. Nursing functions, roles, rights, and responsibilities are defined. Trends in nursing and nursing education will be explored in the light of current realities with knowledge that nursing is a responsible social discipline and all nurses must be concerned about health maintenance. Emphasis will be placed upon the practical nurse’s functions, ethical and legal rights and responsibilities as a health care provider.

Nutrition and Diet Therapy:
Nutrition provides the student practical nurse with information related to the fundamental principles of normal nutrition.  Included in this content area is a study of the basic nutrients, the use of guides for evaluation and planning of normal diets, principles for the safe and economic selection and preparation of food, and a study of selected food legislation.  Factors such as age, cultural and religious practices, and socioeconomic conditions are presented as influences on a client’s nutritional well-being. The study of basic nutrition is presented as applicable to the students own daily living habits as well as in the client care situations.  The need for an understanding of normal nutrition as a basis for the study of therapeutic diets is discussed.

Geriatric Nursing:
This content area introduces geriatric nursing and the leadership role of the practical nurse caring for older adults in long-term care environments. The normal aging process is explored with emphasis on promoting, maintaining, and restoring health in older adults.  Beside the sociological, psychological, and physiological aspects of aging, this unit will also incorporate the financial, safety, and pharmacological aspects of aging. The curriculum, using the nursing process and basic human needs as a framework will integrate cultural diversity, legal/ethical considerations, and the communication process to provide holistic care to the geriatric client

Student Learning Outcomes:
Vocational Relations (VR): 

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize the past, present, and changing role of the practical and professional nurse and the role of the members of the health team.
2. Assume personal responsibility for acquiring the knowledge of the practical nurse.
3. Recognize the ethical and legal responsibilities of the practical nurse as he/she relates to the client, family, physician, professional nurse, employer, and co-worker.
   1. Client rights
   2. Good Samaritan Laws
   3. Malpractice
   4. Current issues in medical ethics
   5. Confidentiality/ Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
   6. Legal aspects of nursing practice
   7. Health care facility security
   8. Fire safety
   9. Multicultural diversity
4. Identify the extent of the responsibility and the protection afforded by the Nurse Practice Act.
5. Recognize the importance of health organizations and the need for active participation in practical nursing organizations.
6. Recognize career opportunities as well as the need for continuing education.
7. Identify and utilize basic various forms of communication. 
   1. Verbal and nonverbal communication skills
   2. Positive and therapeutic group dynamics 
   3. Develop listening skills- Active and Passive 
   4. Utilize medical terminology

Nutrition and Diet Therapy:                                                                                       

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Recognize that nutrition plays a vital role in the total well-being of an individual.
   1. State the common characteristics of a well-nourished vs. malnourished person
   2. Discuss the relationship between food, health, and wellness
   3. Discuss the need for nurses to be knowledgeable of nutrition
   4. Describe a detailed nutritional assessment
   5. Discuss the water compartments in the body
   6. Define and discuss the process of digestion, absorption and metabolism
   7. Describe the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
2. Identify the functions, requirements, and sources of basic nutrients.
   1. State the essential nutrients and discuss their primary functions
   2. Discuss the functions, primary sources and classifications of carbohydrates
   3. Discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination of carbohydrates
   4. Discuss the function and composition of protein in the body
   5. Describe the differences between complete and incomplete proteins
   6. Discuss the digestion, absorption, metabolism, and elimination of proteins
   7. Discuss the functions, sources and classifications of fats in the body
   8. Discuss the process of digestion, absorption, metabolism and elimination of fats
   9. State the function of water in the body
   10. State functions and food sources of each vitamin
   11. Discuss the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
   12. Discuss the major minerals, their sources and functions of each mineral
   13. Discuss the minor minerals, their sources and functions of each mineral
3. Use basic guides for the evaluation and selection of normal diets for individuals throughout the life cycle.
   1. Demonstrate the ability to calculate basal metabolic rate (BMR), as well as body mass index (BMI)
   2. Calculate the average energy requirement Kcal needed for a client
   3. Define a balanced diet to identify ways diets can be modified for therapeutic effects
   4. Identify the basic food groups and the chief nutrients each group provides
   5. Identify nutritional requirements for pregnancy/lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, young-, middle-, and older- adulthood
4. Recognize the influence of physical, cultural, religious and socioeconomic factors on nutrition and factors influencing a client’s ability to adjust to prescribed dietary changes.
   1. Discuss the importance nutritional counseling
   2. Discuss criteria for planning appetizing meals
   3. Describe factors influencing the client’s ability to adjust to a prescribed diet therapy
   4. Discuss the development of food customs
   5. List food customs of various cultural groups
   6. Describe unusual food habits (i.e., pica, etc.) and possible food-related disorders
5. Identify the uses and therapeutic effects of diets associated with common medical-surgical/psychological disorders.
   1. Describe the nutritional diets and list foods found in each
   2. Discuss methods for prevention and treatment of obesity
   3. Discuss underweight dangers, causes and treatment
   4. Define and discuss the types of food allergic reactions and treatments
6. Describe methods of storing, preparing, and handling food safely.
   1. Discuss illnesses caused by microorganisms in foods and list symptoms of each
   2. State methods for the prevention of food-borne illnesses
7. Identify the effects of excesses and deficiencies of the basic nutrients on physiologic functioning.
   1. Describe the effects of protein deficiency on the healing process
   2. Describe the disease processes associated with excessive consumption of fats
   3. Describe and discuss the causes of water imbalance
   4. Discuss acid-base balance of the human body
   5. Discuss each vitamin deficit and the related symptoms
   6. Discuss methods to avoid mineral deficiencies
   7. Discuss mineral and vitamin toxicity 
8. Recognize critical elements pertaining to nutrition received by oral diets, enteral, and parenteral nutrition.
   1. Understand the differences in how oral diets may be categorized based upon texture/consistency and therapeutic need.  (Ex:  Regular vs a mechanically altered diet) 
   2. Monitor the client’s ability to chew and swallow
   3. Understand the role speech therapists/speech language pathologists play in evaluation of client’s abilities to identify diet needs for optimal nutrition
   4. Provide and reinforce client teaching as necessary in regards to education on special diets:  diabetic, cardiac/low sodium, etc.
   5. Evaluate client’s response/tolerance of diet and report to physician as appropriate
   6. Identify clients at risk for aspiration, ex:  feeding tubes, swallowing difficulties
   7. Understand the need for enteral nutrition and the various routes it may be administered, ex: nasogastric, gastrostomy, jejunostomy
   8. Monitor client’s weight and labs as appropriate to evaluate if nutritional needs are being met
   9. Promote client’s independence in eating

Geriatric Nursing:

Upon completion of this content area, the student will be able to:

1. Identify developmental and physiologic changes related to aging.
   1. Describe the physical and emotional effects of the aging process
   2. Describe some common physical changes among the elderly
   3. Describe the body system changes which take place with aging
2. Discuss the biological, developmental and psychosocial theories of aging.
   1. List some common myths and stereotypes about the aged and aging
   2. Describe philosophies of the major theorists on aging
   3. Describe Erickson’s stage of integrity vs. despair
3. Identify alterations common to aging in the health of the older adult and nursing interventions to promote wellness.
   1. Apply theoretical knowledge in providing basic care and health teaching to the geriatric client
   2. Describe the importance of relationships and stimulation
   3. Describe nursing measures to assist an older person to meet nutritional needs, elimination, and personal hygiene
   4. Describe ways to help the elderly balance activities and rest
   5. Describe the special needs and problems as related to the elderly
   6. State nursing measures to assist an older person to meet communication needs
4. Discuss the concerns of aging persons concerning socioeconomic, safety, security, cultural, psychosocial, physical, legal and ethical factors.
   1. Describe how an elderly person compensates for impaired proprioception
   2. Describe family dynamics involved in the caregiving of a geriatric patient
   3. List ways to help the elderly person in completing activities of daily living (ADLs)
   4. List risk factors for falls in the geriatric population 
   5. List community resources for elderly people and include members of the team 
   6. Discuss the dynamics of abuse among the elderly
   7. Recognize problems of the dying patient
   8. Describe important aspects of nursing care for the dying patient
   9. Discuss needs of the family of the dying patient
   10. Evaluate personal beliefs and ideas about the death and dying process
   11. Describe the five stages of death and dying (Elizabeth Kubler-Ross)
   12. State the signs of approaching death
   13. Describe techniques for informing and supporting family members when death is imminent
   14. Describe nursing responsibilities associated with postmortem care
   15. Describe the Patient’s Bill of Rights
   16. Describe differences in assisted living, adult day care, intermediate and skilled facilities, respite and hospice, and home care entities
   17. Discuss guidelines for advanced directive, the living will, and power of attorney and do not resuscitate orders
   18. Discuss guidelines for organ donation
   19. Discuss the appropriate use of physical and chemical restraints, alternative measures and legal issues
5. Discuss problems, treatments and nursing interventions related to common diseases/disorders of the elderly.
   1. Define primary degenerative dementia and secondary dementia
   2. Describe Alzheimer’s disease, physiological changes and theories related to causes
   3. Describe nursing care of a patient with dementia
   4. Identify differences between delirium and dementia
   5. Define and describe rehabilitation nursing, bowel/bladder training, and skin care, mobility training and adaptive devices
6. Discuss the leadership role of the Practical Nurse in the care of the geriatric client.

LPN (pre-req) 1020 - Fundamentals

1. Identify and utilize scientific principles and fundamental skills to give nursing care.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of safe nursing practice by observing and instituting safety measures as needed.
3. Demonstrate knowledge of assessment skills.
4. Identify his/her role as a member of the healthcare team.
5. Acknowledge the client’s rights and respect each client as an individual.
6. Provide appropriate nursing care, recognizing that all clients have the same basic needs of personal care and hygiene.
7. Adapt nursing care appropriately to meet the needs of the acute or chronically ill/disabled person throughout the life span.
8. Utilize the nursing process to provide individualized nursing care.
9. Recognize the influence of multicultural differences in nursing care.
10. Utilize various methods of documentation in the implementation and evaluation of nursing care, including but not limited to the following:
    1. Charting by exception
    2. Computerized documentation
    3. Diagnoses, Action and Response (DAR)
    4. Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning (SOAP)
    5. Narrative
    6. Other acceptable methods
11. Demonstrates appropriate nursing documentation.
12. Demonstrate knowledge of client care organization and prioritization.
13. Use information technology in client care.
14. Apply evidence-based practice when providing client care. 
15. Recognize reportable changes in client’s health status. 
16. Accurately obtain and document vital signs on appropriate forms.
17. Utilize observational, assessment, and communication skills in client care.
18. Provide nursing measures designed to prevent complications of immobility.
19. Complete a client assessment including:
    1. nursing history
    2. physical assessment
    3. height/weight
    4. vital signs
20. Observe and demonstrate proper knowledge of the following:
    1. standard precautions
    2. isolation procedures
    3. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines
    4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines
    5. Joint Commission (JCAHO) guidelines
21. Incorporate patient teaching and reinforcement as indicated by client care needs.
22. Identify principles related to emergency nursing including but not limited to:
    1. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
    2. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Use 
    3. Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
    4. First Aid
23. Identify the Practical Nurse’s role in emergency situations.
24. Identify the principles of standard /universal precautions related to emergency situations.
25. Recognize the Practical Nurse’s legal and ethical responsibilities, including:   
    1. Good Samaritan Law
    2. Common Legal Issue
26. Identify physiological and psychological needs in emergency situations.
27. Identify standardized policies and procedure referring to:
    1. Fire
    2. Biohazard (i.e. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), Blood borne pathogens, etc.)
    3. Disaster- Both internal and external

LPN (pre-req) 1030 - Administer of Medication & Basic IV

1. Demonstrate knowledge of math skills:
   1. Demonstrate how basic mathematics is important to the safe preparation and       administration of medications
   2. Define the principle used to round-off numbers in the decimal system 
2. Compute dosages relating to the calculations of drugs and solutions and recognize the computation of fractional doses must be confirmed. 
   1. Define the metric, apothecary and household systems of measurement,              identifying the fundamental units of each 
   2. Discuss the rationale for placing a 0 (zero) before a decimal point 
   3. Identify the most commonly used equivalents in the medical field and their abbreviations 
   4. Utilize methods used in conversion from one system or unit to another i.e.        ratio/proportion
   5. Utilize ratio-proportion and formula methods to compute medication dosage:
      1. Dose desired divided by available dosage multiplied by quantity equals amount to give
      2. Solve for x using various formulas
      3. Dimensional Analysis
      4. Formulas used in pediatric medications: Fried’s, Clark’s, and Young’s rules 
3. Utilize selected scientific principles relative to the administration of medications.
   1. Define pharmacology
   2. Discuss the nurse’s responsibilities for administration of drug therapy
   3. Identify the laws and ethical considerations that relate to medical and nursing         practice and drug therapy
   4. Discuss factors affecting therapeutic and non-therapeutic drug actions
   5. Define abbreviations commonly used in administration of medications
   6. Identify sources of drugs; i.e., animals, plants, etc.
   7. Distinguish between generic and trade names of drugs
   8. Identify forms of medications; i.e., tablets, elixirs, solutions, etc.
   9. Define classifications of medications; i.e., analgesics, antimicrobials, cardiotonics, etc.
   10. Identify information sources (references) for drugs
4. Identify and demonstrate the principles related to the administration of medications.
   1. Discuss the importance of a client assessment prior to administration of medications
   2. List requirements of a complete drug order or prescription
   3. Identify parts of the drug label
   4. Discuss forms of drug packaging: vial, ampule, unit dose, etc.
   5. Discuss the “Rights” of proper drug administration
   6. Discuss knowledge and skills needed to implement the “rights” of drug administration
   7. Identify, describe, and demonstrate the routes/sites/methods for administrating medications; i.e., enteral, topical, parenteral (including heparin and insulins) etc.
   8. Identify special considerations to be observed when administering medications
   9. Discuss the steps of the nursing process as it relates to the administration of medications
   10. Define and discuss medication errors and contributing factors
   11. Identify elements in documentation for safe administration of medications
   12. Discuss principles of proper and safe storage of medications
   13. List the parts of the syringe and their functions
   14. List equipment required for oral, parenteral, and intravenous drug administration
   15. Differentiate drug dosage forms for various routes and purposes of administration
   16. Discuss principles for selection of syringe/needle size used in intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ), intradermal (ID) and intravenous (IV) routes of administration in adult and pediatric clients
   17. Demonstrate principles for preparing medications from powder, vial, ampule, topicals, and liquids
   18. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of oral, parenteral, and topical routes of drug administration
   19. Discuss guidelines for rational choices of drugs, dosages, routes, and times of administration
   20. Discuss safety precautions for maintaining an intravenous line
   21. Discuss safety precautions in administration of medications including needle stick safety
5. Discuss the administration of medications to the geriatric client.
   1. Describe how pharmacokinetic change during aging and why medications may affect the elderly differently
   2. Identify factors increasing the risk of medication-related problems
   3. Discuss how responses to medications are less predictable in an older person
   4. Identify common drugs used in geriatrics and their common side effects
6. Discuss important nursing concepts in relation to the process of venipuncture. 
   1. Discuss important aspects of patient preparation for insertion of an intravenous (IV) cannula
   2. Compare and contrast the characteristics between veins and arteries
   3. Identify advantages and disadvantages of selecting each hand or arm vein for intravenous (IV) therapy
   4. Contrast characteristics and uses of the various venipuncture devices
   5. Describe the clinical sequences for a successful intravenous (IV) cannulation
7. Display knowledge of nursing practice in relation to infusion therapy. 
   1. Be knowledgeable of the state nurse practice act as it relates to intravenous (IV) therapy
   2. Describe the sequential steps for administration of intravenous (IV) infusion solutions
   3. Discuss the safety recommendations that reduce exposure to needlestick injuries and exposure to patient body fluids during intravenous (IV) therapy
   4. List the factors that interfere with the delivery of accurate IV flow rates by gravity infusion and the interventions that promote accurate infusion delivery
   5. Verbalize the nursing strategies that prevent intravenous (IV) therapy-related problems
   6. Identify requirements for documentation of intravenous (IV) infusions
8. Discuss client care and nursing practice of practical nurses in relation to central venous catheters. 
   1. Describe the types and features of central venous catheters (also called central lines or CVLs)
   2. Identify the major complications associated with central venous access devices: air embolus, fibrin sheath, occlusion sepsis, and superior vena cava syndrome
   3. Be knowledgeable of the state nurse practice act as it relates to central venous catheters
9. Discuss client care and nursing practice of practical nurses in relation to peripherally inserted central catheters. 
   1. Describe the types and features of the peripherally inserted central catheters (also called PIC catheters or PICCs)
   2. Identify the major complications associated with PICCs
   3. Be knowledgeable of the state nurse practice act as it relates to peripherally inserted central catheters
10. Discuss why and when intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is needed and the components of how the correct fluid type is selected. 
    1. Name the two major fluid compartments in the body
    2. Discuss the processes by which fluid balance is maintained
    3. Identify important measures of electrolyte balance
    4. Summarize the differences between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions
    5. Recognize clinical features for fluid volume deficit and fluid volume excess
    6. Understand the difference between fluid replacement and fluid maintenance in relation to IV fluid therapy
11. Demonstrate knowledge of intravenous (IV) medication administration and the practical nurse’s scope of practice. 
    1. Verbalize the sequential steps for intravenous (IV) drug administration
    2. Identify critical elements of therapeutic drug monitoring when the drug is administrated intravenously
    3. List immediate actions to be taken in the event of an adverse drug reaction
    4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various routes of intravenous (IV) drug administration
    5. Describe features that differ among intravenous (IV) infusion pumps
12. Demonstrate knowledge of blood and blood component administration and the practical nurse’s scope of practice. 
    1. Recognize potential signs and symptoms for acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
    2. Describe the nursing management process for blood and blood product transfusion reaction
13. Demonstrate knowledge of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration and the practical nurse’s scope of practice. 
    1. Describe the indications and contraindications of total parenteral nutrition
    2. Discuss the components of a nutritional assessment
    3. Recognize the common diagnostic laboratory values used to monitor TPN
    4. Identify the potential complications of TPN

LPN (pre-req) 1050 - Clinical I

Competencies:

1. Hand washing
2. Performing CPR/ AED Use/Airway Management/ Heimlich Maneuver - all age groups, according to American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines
3. Measuring vital signs
4. Maintaining client safet
5. Utilizing universal/ standard precautions
6. Transferring clients
7. Positioning clients
8. Performing range of motion (ROM) exercises
9. Bed making
10. Performing hygiene measures
11. Assisting with elimination
12. Collecting specimens
13. Applying anti-embolism stockings/devices
14. Feeding
15. Measuring Intake/Output
16. Performing sterile procedures
17. Supplying oxygen therapy
18. Providing tracheostomy care
19. Suctioning
20. Administering a tube feeding
21. Performing wound care
22. Applying principles of the nursing process
23. Performing post-mortem care
24. Applying and removing restraints
25. Performing urinary catheterization
26. Use of pulse oximetry
27. Assist in the assessment of emergency situations
28. Application of bandages, binders, and splints
29. Irrigation: urinary catheter, bladder, wound, ear, nose, or eye
30. K-Pad application
31. Urinary catheter: insertion, maintenance, care, and removal of
32. Gastric tube: care and irrigation
33. Ostomy Care 
34. Aseptic measures
35. Initiating and maintaining isolation precautions
36. Oral hygiene/denture care
37. Blood glucose monitoring
38. Patient assessment 

CLINICAL/LAB/SIMULATION COMPETENCIES:  

Upon completion of this course, the student under the supervision of the instructor will be able to accomplish the following objectives. The instructor will assign, monitor, and evaluate skills lab competencies. The student must receive a satisfactory evaluation in the competencies assigned by the instructor for progression. An overall unsatisfactory evaluation will result in the student not being able to progress regardless of the academic average.

1. Administer medications per the “Rights” of administration.
2. Safely calculates and/or converts dosages according to prescribed standards.
3. Document accurately the administration of medications given.
4. Implements appropriate safety measures in relation to medication administration.
5. Selects and demonstrates appropriate use of equipment/supplies necessary for administration of medications.
6. Describe the proper way to draw up and administer insulin.
7. Demonstrates the ability to interpret and transcribe medication orders accurately.
8. Apply critical thinking to the principles of medication administration.
9. Demonstrate effective use of the time management skills with administration of medications.
10. Outline the nursing action to be taken if complications occur from medication administration.
11. Model safe use of selected IV equipment
12. When given a prescribed quantity of fluid to be infused, calculates the flow rate correctly.
13. Select appropriate sites for and demonstrate insertion of IV infusion devices.
14. Correctly and aseptically starts an IV infusion.
15. Demonstrate use of infusion pumps and controllers accurately.
16. Demonstrate assembling and setting up IV solutions with tubing and needles.
17. Discontinue an IV infusion and IV device safely.
18. Employ safe, effective care of patients receiving IV therapy and discuss the signs and symptoms of complications

LPN (pre-req) 2010 - Pharmacology I

1. Differentiate between pharmacology and drug therapy.
2. Select authoritative sources of drug information.
3. Discuss major drug laws and standards.
4. Describe the main categories of controlled substances in relation to therapeutic use and potential for abuse.
5. Identify nursing responsibilities in handling controlled substances correctly.
6. Discuss the role of the Food and Drug Administration.
7. Analyze the potential impact of drug costs on drug therapy regimens.
8. Describe the main pathways and mechanisms by which drugs cross biologic membranes and move through the body.
9. Identify and develop basic knowledge of general pharmacokinetics for each body system and/or classification of drugs.
   1. Describe the principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body
   2. Discuss the clinical usefulness of measuring serum drug levels
   3. Describe major characteristics of the receptor theory of drug action
   4. List drug-related and patient-related variables that affect drug actions\
10. Differentiate between agonist drugs and antagonist drugs.
11. Discuss mechanisms and potential effects of drug-drug interactions.
12. Identify signs and symptoms that may occur with adverse drug effects on major body systems.
13. Discuss general management of drug overdose and toxicity.
    1. Discuss selected drug antidotes
    2. Discuss interventions to increase therapeutic effects and decrease adverse effects of drug therapy
14. Describe major considerations in drug therapy for children, adults, and patients with impaired renal or hepatic function or critical illness.
15. Discuss application of the nursing process in home care settings.
16. Identify and have basic knowledge of common drug classifications, drug actions, side effects, nursing considerations, client education, and precautions with administration.
    1. Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) 
       1. Discuss signs and symptoms of CNS depression and CNS stimulation
       2. Discuss general types and characteristics of CNS depressant drugs
       3. Describe specific antidotes for overdoses of central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs and the circumstances indicating their use
       4. List characteristics of benzodiazepine antianxiety and hypnotic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, nursing process implications, and potential for abuse and dependence
       5. Describe strategies for preventing, recognizing, or treating benzodiazepine withdrawal reactions
       6. Contrast characteristics of selected non-benzodiazepines and benzodiazepines
       7. Discuss the use of flumazenil and other treatment measures for overdose of benzodiazepines
       8. Discuss characteristics of phenothiazines and related antipsychotics
       9. Compare characteristics of “atypical” antipsychotic drugs with those of “typical” phenothiazines and related antipsychotic drugs
       10. State interventions to decrease adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs
       11. State interventions to promote compliance with outpatient use of antipsychotic drugs
       12. Discuss characteristics of antidepressants in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, adverse effects, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       13. Compare and contrast the different categories of antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), mixed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and other atypical antidepressants
       14. Discuss selected characteristics of atypical antidepressants
       15. Describe the use of lithium in bipolar disorder
       16. Describe the use of atypical antipsychotics in the manic phase of bipolar disorder
       17. Discuss interventions to increase safety of lithium therapy
       18. Describe the nursing role in preventing, recognizing, and treating overdoses of antidepressant drugs and lithium
       19. Analyze important factors in using antidepressant drugs and lithium inspecial populations
       20. Describe general characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants
       21. Discuss reasons for decreased use of amphetamines for therapeutic purposes
       22. Discuss the rationale for treating attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder with CNS stimulants
       23. Identify effects and sources of caffeine
       24. Identify nursing interventions to prevent, recognize, and treat stimulant overdose
    2. Drugs Affecting the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 
       1. State names and general characteristics of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system
       2. Identify effects produced by stimulation of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors
       3. List characteristics of adrenergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, adverse effects, nursing process implications, principles of therapy, and observation of patient responses
       4. Discuss use of epinephrine to treat anaphylactic shock, acute bronchospasm, and cardiac arrest
       5. Identify patients at risk for the adverse effects associated with adrenergic drugs
       6. List commonly used over-the-counter preparations and herbal preparations that contain adrenergic drugs
       7. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using adrenergic drugs in special populations
       8. Describe signs and symptoms of toxicity due to noncatecholamine adrenergic drugs
       9. Discuss treatment of overdose with noncatecholamine adrenergic drugs
       10. List characteristics of antiadrenergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, nursing process implications, principles of therapy, and observation of patient response
       11. Discuss alpha1-adrenergic blocking drugs and alpha2-adrenergic agonists in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and other selected characteristics
       12. Compare and contrast beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in terms of cardioselectivity, indications for use, adverse effects, and other selected characteristics
       13. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using antiadrenergic drugs in special populations
       14. Describe effects and indications for use of selected cholinergic drugs
       15. Discuss drug therapy for myasthenia gravis
       16. Discuss the use of cholinergic drug therapy for paralytic ileus and urinary retention
       17. Discuss drug therapy for Alzheimer’s disease
       18. Describe major nursing care needs of patients receiving cholinergic drugs
       19. Describe signs, symptoms, and treatment of overdose with cholinergic drugs
       20. Discuss atropine and pralidoxime as antidotes for cholinergic drugs
       21. Discuss principles of therapy for using cholinergic drugs in special populations
       22. List characteristics of anticholinergic drugs in terms of effects on body tissues, indications for use, nursing process implications, observation of patient response, and teaching patients
       23. Discuss atropine as the prototype of anticholinergic drugs
       24. Discuss clinical disorders or symptoms for which anticholinergic drugs are used
       25. Describe the mechanism by which atropine relieves bradycardia
       26. Review anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines
       27. Discuss principles of therapy and nursing process for using anticholinergic drugs in special populations
       28. Describe the signs and symptoms of atropine or anticholinergic drug overdose and its treatment
    3. Drugs used to fight infection
       1. Outline common and potentially serious adverse effects of antimicrobial drugs
       2. Identify patients at increased risk for adverse drug reactions to antimicrobial drugs
       3. Discuss ways to increase benefits and decrease hazards of antimicrobial drug therapy
       4. Discuss ways to minimize emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms
       5. State appropriate nursing implications for a patient receiving an antimicrobial drug
       6. Discuss important elements of using antimicrobial drugs in children, older adults, patients with renal or hepatic impairment, and patients with critical illness
       7. Describe general characteristics of beta-lactam antibiotics
       8. Discuss penicillins in relation to effectiveness, safety, spectrum of antibacterial activity, mechanism of action, indications for use, administration, observation of patient response, and teaching of patients
       9. Differentiate among extended-spectrum penicillins
       10. Describe characteristics of beta-lactamase inhibitor drugs
       11. Discuss similarities and differences between cephalosporins and penicillins
       12. Differentiate cephalosporins in relation to antibacterial spectrum, indications for use, and adverse effects
       13. Describe major characteristics of carbapenem and monobactam drugs
       14. Identify characteristics of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in relation to effectiveness, safety, spectrum of antimicrobial activity, indications for use, administration, and observation of patient responses
       15. Recognize factors influencing selection and dosage of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones
       16. Discuss the importance of measuring serum drug levels during aminoglycoside therapy
       17. Describe measures to decrease nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with aminoglycosides
       18. Describe characteristics, uses, adverse effects, and nursing process implications of fluoroquinolones
       19. Discuss major characteristics and clinical uses of tetracyclines
       20. Recognize doxycycline as the tetracycline of choice in renal failure
       21. Discuss characteristics, clinical uses, adverse effects, and nursing implications of selected sulfonamides
       22. Recognize trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as a combination drug that is commonly used for urinary tract and systemic infections
       23. Describe the use of urinary antiseptics in the treatment of urinary tract infections
       24. Identify characteristics and specific uses of macrolide and ketolide antibacterials
       25. Compare and contrast macrolides and ketolides with other commonly used antibacterial drugs
       26. Discuss characteristics and clinical indications for using chloramphenicol, clindamycin, daptomycin, linezolid, metronidazole, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifaximin, spectinomycin, and vancomycin
       27. Discuss the roles of metronidazole and oral vancomycin in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis
       28. List characteristics, uses, effects, and nursing implications of using primary antitubercular drugs
       29. Describe the rationale for multiple-drug therapy in treatment of tuberculosis
       30. Discuss ways to increase adherence to antitubercular drug therapy regimens
       31. Describe factors affecting drug therapy in multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) 
       32. Discuss difficulties in developing and using antiviral drugs
       33. Differentiate types of antiviral drugs used for various viral infections
       34. Describe selected antiviral drugs in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       35. Discuss the rationale for using combinations of drugs in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
       36. Describe commonly used antifungal drugs in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       37. Differentiate between adverse effects associated with systemic and topical antifungal drugs.
    4. Drugs used to manage pain
       1. List characteristics of opioid analgesics in terms of mechanism of action,  indications for use, and major adverse effects
       2. Describe morphine as the prototype of opioid analgesics
       3. Explain why higher doses of opioid analgesics are needed when the drugs are given orally
       4. Contrast the use of opioid analgesics in opioid-naive and opioid-tolerant patients
       5. Describe characteristics and treatment of opioid toxicity
       6. Discuss principles of therapy for using opioid analgesics in special populations
       7. Discuss non-opioid drugs used in pain management
       8. Discuss aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, contraindications to use, nursing process, and principles of therapy
       9. Compare and contrast aspirin, other NSAIDs, and acetaminophen in terms of indications for use and adverse effects
       10. Differentiate among antiplatelet, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory doses of aspirin
       11. Differentiate between nonselective NSAIDs and the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib
       12. Identify factors influencing the use of aspirin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen in special populations
       13. Discuss recognition and management of acetaminophen toxicity
       14. Discuss the use of NSAIDs and antigout drugs
       15. Discuss the use of NSAIDs, triptans, and ergot antimigraine drugs
    5. Drugs Affecting the Neuromuscular System 
       1. Discuss major factors that influence choice of an antiseizure drug for a patient with a seizure disorder
       2. Recognize characteristics and effects of commonly used antiseizure drugs
       3. Differentiate between older and more recent antiseizure drugs
       4. Compare advantages and disadvantages between monotherapy and combination drug therapy for seizure disorders
       5. Apply the nursing process with patients receiving antiseizure drugs
       6. Discuss the use of antiseizure drugs in special populations
       7. Differentiate the types of commonly used antiparkinson drugs
       8. Discuss therapeutic and adverse effects of dopaminergic and anticholinergic drugs
       9. Discuss the use of antiparkinson drugs in selected populations
       10. Discuss common symptoms and disorders for which skeletal muscle relaxants are used
       11. Differentiate uses and effects of selected skeletal muscle relaxants
    6. Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System 
       1. Identify general categories of drugs used to treat respiratory disorders
       2. Discuss the uses and effects of bronchodilating drugs, including adrenergics, anticholinergics, and xanthines
       3. Differentiate between short-acting and long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists in terms of uses and nursing process implications
       4. Discuss the uses of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and mast cell stabilizers
       5. Discuss reasons for using inhaled drugs when possible
       6. Differentiate between “quick relief” and long-term control of asthma symptoms
       7. Discuss the use of antiasthmatic drugs in special populations
       8. Delineate effects of histamine on selected body tissues
       9. Discuss allergic rhinitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and drug allergies as conditions for which antihistamines are commonly used
       10. Identify the effects of histamine that are blocked by histamine1 (H1) receptor antagonist drugs
       11. Differentiate first- and second-generation antihistamines
       12. Describe antihistamines in terms of indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       13. Discuss the use of antihistamines in special populations
       14. Review decongestant and adverse effects of adrenergic drugs
       15. Describe general characteristics and effects of antitussive agents
       16. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using combination products to treat the common cold
       17. Evaluate over-the-counter allergy, cold, cough, and sinus remedies for personal or patients’ use.
    7. Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
       1. Discuss atherosclerosis as the basic disorder causing many cardiovascular disorders for which drug therapy is required
       2. Differentiate the types of drugs used to treat heart failure (HF)
       3. Identify the role of digoxin in the management of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation
       4. List characteristics of digoxin in terms of effects on myocardial contractility and cardiac conduction, indications for use, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       5. Differentiate digitalizing and maintenance doses of digoxin
       6. Explain the roles of potassium chloride, lidocaine, atropine, and digoxin immune fab in the management of digoxin toxicity
       7. Discuss the roles of sodium channel, beta-adrenergic, potassium channel, and calcium channel blockers along with two unclassified drugs in the management of dysrhythmias
       8. Describe the nursing process implications and actions related to caring for patients using selected antidysrhythmic drugs
       9. Describe principles of therapy to include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures to manage tachydysrhythmias
       10. Describe general characteristics and types of antianginal drugs
       11. Discuss nitrate antianginals in terms of indications for use, routes of administration, adverse effects, nursing process implications, and drug tolerance
       12. Differentiate between short-acting and long-acting dosage forms of nitrate antianginal drugs
       13. Use the nursing process in the care of individuals on antianginal and adjunctive therapy for treatment of myocardial ischemia
       14. Describe therapeutic and adverse effects of vasopressor drugs used in the management of hypotension and shock
       15. Review the effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics in hypertension
       16. Discuss angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in terms of mechanisms of action, indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       17. Describe the rationale for using combination drugs in the ¬management of hypertension
       18. Discuss interventions to increase therapeutic effects and ¬minimize adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs
       19. Discuss the use of antihypertensive drugs in special populations
       20. List characteristics of diuretics in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, principles of therapy, and nursing process implications
       21. Discuss major adverse effects of thiazide, loop, and potassium-sparing diuretics
       22. Identify patients at risk for developing adverse reactions to diuretic administration
       23. Recognize commonly used potassium-losing and potassium-sparing diuretics
       24. Discuss the rationale for using combination products containing a potassium-losing and a potassium-sparing diuretic
       25. Discuss the rationale for concomitant use of a loop diuretic and a thiazide or related diuretic
       26. Discuss important elements of diuretic therapy in special populations
       27. Compare and contrast heparin and warfarin in terms of indications for use, onset and duration of action, route of administration, blood tests used to monitor effects, and nursing process implications
       28. Discuss antiplatelet agents in terms of indications for use and effects on blood coagulation
       29. Describe thrombolytic agents in terms of indications and contraindications for use, routes of administration, and major adverse effects
       30. Describe systemic hemostatic agents for treating overdoses of anticoagulant and thrombolytic drugs
       31. Use the nursing process in the care of patients on anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic agents
       32. Describe dyslipidemic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, major adverse effects, and nursing process implications.
    8. Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
       1. Compare steroid and protein hormones in relation to site of action and pharmacokinetics
       2. Differentiate between physiologic and pharmacologic doses of hormonal drugs
       3. Identify clinical uses of selected hormones
       4. Recognize the limitations of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones as therapeutic agents
       5. Identify major nursing considerations in the care of patients receiving specific hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
       6. Review physiologic effects of endogenous corticosteroids
       7. Discuss clinical indications for use of exogenous corticosteroids
       8. Differentiate between physiologic and pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids
       9. Differentiate between short-term and long-term corticosteroid therapy
       10. Recognize at least 10 adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy
       11. Examine the potential benefits for administering corticosteroids topically when possible rather than systemically
       12. Analyze the use other drugs and interventions to decrease the need for corticosteroids
       13. Discuss the use of corticosteroids in selected populations and conditions
       14. Apply the nursing process with a patient receiving long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy, including teaching needs
       15. Describe characteristics, uses, and effects of thyroid drugs
       16. Identify characteristics, uses, and effects of antithyroid drugs
       17. Evaluate the influence of thyroid and antithyroid drugs on the metabolism of other drugs
       18. Evaluate the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements, calcitonin, and bisphosphonate drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis
       19. Describe major effects of endogenous insulin on body tissues
       20. Discuss characteristics and uses of the various types of insulins and insulin analogs
       21. Differentiate types of oral agents used to manage diabetes mellitus in terms of mechanisms of action, indications for use, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
       22. State reasons for combinations of insulin and oral agents or different types of oral agents
       23. List the three common types of insulins, stating their onset, peak, and duration of action; and the four common groups of oral anti-diabetic agents, identifying examples of each group.
       24. Outline the benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy
       25. Recognize adverse effects associated with estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives
       26. Apply nursing process with patients taking estrogens, progestins, and hormonal contraceptives
       27. Discuss uses and effects of exogenous androgens and anabolic steroids
       28. Identify potential consequences of abusing androgens and anabolic steroids.
    9. Drugs Affecting the Gastrointestinal System
       1. Identify general categories of drugs used to treat gastrointestinal disorders
       2. Discuss the effects of non-gastrointestinal drugs on gastrointestinal functioning
       3. Describe adverse effects associated with overdoses of vitamins
       4. Discuss the rationale for administering vitamin K to newborns
       5. Describe treatment of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride imbalances
       6. Describe treatment of iron deficiency anemia
       7. Discuss the chelating agents used to remove excessive copper, iron, and lead from body tissues
       8. Assist patients with effective use of approved weight-loss drugs, when indicated
       9. Differentiate the types of drugs used to treat peptic ulcers and acid reflux disorders
       10. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of proton pump inhibitors
       11. Differentiate between prescription and over-the-counter uses of histamine2 receptor blocking agents
       12. Discuss significant drug-drug interactions with cimetidine
       13. Describe characteristics, uses, and effects of selected antacids
       14. Discuss the rationale for using combination antacid products
       15. Differentiate the major types of laxatives according to effects on the gastrointestinal tract
       16. Differentiate the consequences of occasional laxative use from those of chronic laxative use
       17. Discuss rational choices of laxatives for selected patient populations or purposes
       18. Discuss possible reasons for and hazards of overuse and abuse of laxatives
       19. Describe types of diarrhea in which antidiarrheal drug therapy may be indicated
       20. Differentiate the major types of antidiarrheal drugs
       21. Discuss characteristics, effects, and nursing process implications of commonly used antidiarrheal agents
       22. Differentiate the major types of antiemetic drugs
       23. Discuss characteristics, effects, and nursing process implications of selected antiemetic drugs
    10. Drugs Affecting the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems
        1. Discuss common characteristics of immunizations
        2. Discuss the importance of immunizations in promoting health and preventing disease
        3. Identify authoritative sources for immunization information
        4. Discuss ways to promote immunization of all age groups
        5. Discuss the use of hematopoietic agents in the treatment of anemia
        6. Discuss the use of filgrastim and sargramostim in neutropenia and bone marrow transplantation
        7. Describe the adverse effects and nursing process implications of administering filgrastim and sargramostim
        8. Discuss interferons in terms of clinical uses, adverse effects, and nursing process implications
        9. Discuss characteristics and uses of major immunosuppressant drugs in autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation
        10. Identify adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
        11. Discuss nursing interventions to decrease adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs
        12. Describe major types of antineoplastic drugs in terms of mechanism of action, indications for use, administration, and nursing process implication
        13. Discuss the rationales for using antineoplastic drugs in combination with each other, with surgical treatment, and with radiation therapy
    11. Drugs Used in Ophthalmic Condition
        1. Discuss selected drugs in relation to their use in ocular disorders
        2. Use correct techniques to administer ophthalmic medications
        3. Assess for ocular effects of systemic drugs and systemic effects of ophthalmic drugs
    12. Drugs Used in Dermatologic Conditions
        1. Review characteristics of skin structures that influence drug therapy of dermatologic disorders
        2. Discuss antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and selected miscellaneous drugs in relation to their use in dermatologic disorders
        3. Use correct techniques to administer dermatologic medications

LPN (pre-req) 2020 - Mental Health

1. Discuss the history and trends in Mental Health Nursing. 
   1. Explain the shift to community based mental health services that began in the late 1950s 
2. Define mental illness. 
3. Identify members of the mental health team and their roles. 
4. Describe spiritual, cultural, and ethnic issues associated with mental health nursing. 
5. Describe ethical and legal issues associated with mental health nursing. 
   1. HIPAA and confidentiality
6. Describe the rights of the Psychiatric mentally ill client.
7. Identify and discuss defense mechanisms.
8. Discuss a continuum for mental health illness.
9. Identify conditions that precede admission to an inpatient mental health treatment setting.
10. Identify mental health resources available in the community for the client and family.
11. Define the difference between delusions, hallucination, and illusions. 
12. Identify the importance of therapeutic communication in the management of mental health disorders.
    1. Discuss verbal and nonverbal communications
    2. Identify techniques that enhance communication 
    3. Identify techniques that hinder communication
13. Contrast and compare the purpose, focus, communication style, and goals for a social, intimate, and a therapeutic relationship.
14. Discuss the therapeutic milieu.  
15. Define crisis interventions. 
16. Identify classifications, uses, actions, side effects, toxicity levels, and nursing considerations for selected psychoactive medications. 
    1. Antidepressants/ serotonin replacement
    2. Anti-manic/ Mood stabilizers
    3. Anti-Parkinson’s
    4. Antianxiety and hypnotics
    5. Stimulants as Mood Elevators
    6. Anticonvulsants
    7. Antipsychotics
    8. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibitors 
17. Define somatic psychotherapy and its benefits. 
18. List six (6) complementary and alternative medicines used in mental health.
19. Discuss psychosomatic and dissociative disorders. 
    1. Theories of somatoform disorders
       1. Body dysmorphic disorder
       2. Somatization disorder
       3. Conversion disorder
       4. Pain disorder
       5. Hypochondriasis
    2. Theories of dissociative disorders
       1. Dissociative identity disorder
       2. Depersonalization disorder
20. Discuss mood disorders. 
    1. Depressive disorders
       1. Major depressive disorder
       2. Dysthymic disorder
    2. Bipolar Disorder
    3. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
    4. Postpartum depression
21. Discuss anxiety disorders. 
    1. Panic disorder
    2. Phobias
    3. Generalized anxiety disorder
    4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
    5. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
    6. Acute Stress Disorder
    7. Atypical anxiety disorder
22. Discuss eating disorders. 
    1. Anorexia nervosa
    2. Bulimia nervosa
    3. Obesity
23. Discuss personality development and personality disorders.
    1. Borderline personality disorder
    2. Antisocial personality disorder
    3. Narcissistic personality disorder
24. Discuss substance related disorders. 
    1. Define chemical dependency/substance abuse 
    2. Describe signs that may indicate substance abuse or chemical dependency 
    3. Discuss the impact substance abuse has on the client, the family, and society
    4. Discuss how to care for the substance abuse client within the healthcare facility
    5. Discuss commonly abused substances and causes of substance abuse
    6. Define and discuss co-dependency and enabling
    7. Discuss detoxification and rehabilitation.
25. Discuss sexual disorders. 
    1. Gender identity disorder
26. Discuss cognitive and thought disorders. 
    1. Dementia
    2. Alzheimer’s
    3. Delirium
    4. Delusional and shared psychotic disorders 
    5. Schizophrenia
       1. Paranoid type
       2. Catatonic type
       3. Undifferentiated 
    6. Developmentally disabilities 
       1. Describe the levels of developmental disability 
       2. Identify and discuss common diseases and disorders contributory to developmental disability 
27. Discuss nursing care of the suicidal client. 
28. Identify nursing care adjustments for the clients with dual-diagnosis. 
29. Discuss nursing care of clients experiencing sexual, physical, and emotional abuse.
30. Discuss how nursing care is affected when caring for clients coping with chronic/terminal illnesses, homeless clients, aging clients, or incarcerated clients. 

LPN (pre-req) 2030 - Medical & Surgical Nursing I

1. Safely and effectively apply scientific principles of nursing to the care of the adult medical-surgical patient.
2. Recognize the grieving process:
   1. Trauma
   2. Terminal illness
   3. Complications of perioperative care
3. Identify the PN’s role in providing care to the acutely ill patient.
4. Recognize pathophysiological changes related to disease processes in the care of the adult patient.
   1. Identify signs and symptoms of diseases related to each body system
   2. Identify diagnostic studies in relation to each body system
   3. Identify treatment modalities as related to diseases
   4. Identify nursing measures as indicated in the following disorders:
      1. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Disorders
         1. Differentiate among the following fluid compartments: intracellular, extracellular, interstitial, and intravascular.
         2. Discuss at least four major nursing responsibilities associated with laboratory tests ordered by a clinician.
         3. In the clinical laboratory, demonstrate a client and family teaching session, emphasizing the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance and the types of care that may be needed for the client.
         4. Identify at least four possible causes of the two major types of fluid imbalances (fluid volume excess and fluid volume deficit), including at least two nursing considerations for each cause.
         5. State at least two nursing considerations for each: dependent edema, sacral edema, pitting and non-pitting edema, and pulmonary edema.
         6. State the normal serum levels for the following electrolytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphorus.
         7. Identify at least four causes of each type of electrolyte imbalance.
         8. Discuss the major symptoms associated with each type of electrolyte imbalance, stating at least three nursing considerations related to each condition.
         9. Differentiate among the four major types of acid-base imbalances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis.
         10. Identify at least four nursing considerations related to the data collection, assessment, monitoring, and care of a client with acidosis and a client with alkalosis. 
      2. Neurological Disorders
         1. List physiological changes that occur in the nervous system with aging.
         2. Discuss the Glasgow coma scale.
         3. Identify the significant subjective and objective data related to the nervous system that should be obtained for a patient during assessment.
         4. Explain the importance of prevention in problems of the nervous system, and give several examples of prevention. 
         5. Differentiate between normal and common abnormal findings of a physical assessment of the nervous system.
         6. List common laboratory and diagnostic examinations for evaluation of neurological disorders.
         7. Differentiate among the following diagnostic tests: computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral angiography, cerebral arteriography, myelography, brain scan, electroencephalography, and videotelemetry.
         8. Discuss the nursing care involved for a client before and after a lumbar puncture (LP).
         9. Compare and contrast migraine and cluster headaches, including nursing considerations for each condition.
         10. List four classifications of seizures, their characteristics, clinical signs, aura, and postictal period.
         11. Identify the main characteristics of at least three types of partial seizures and at least six types of general seizures.
         12. Discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing implications for the following disorders involving nerves: trigeminal neuralgia, Bell’s palsy, and herpes zoster.
         13. Discuss various neurological disturbances in motor function and sensory/perceptual function.
         14. Compare paraplegia with quadriplegia, including a discussion of at least four differences in nursing care for each condition.
         15. Give examples of six degenerative neurological diseases and explain the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for each.
         16. Describe at least five signs and symptoms, therapies, and at least five nursing considerations for each of the following degenerative disorders: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
         17. Discuss the causes, signs and symptoms, therapies, and at least five nursing considerations for each of the following inflammatory disorders: brain abscess, meningitis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, post-polio syndrome, and acute transverse myelitis.
         18. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for intracranial tumors, craniocerebral trauma, and spinal trauma.
         19. List five signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and why they occur, as well as nursing interventions that decrease intracranial pressure.
         20. Explain the nursing care required for clients with concussion, brain laceration and contusion, skull fractures, and hematoma.
         21. Identify at least three pre- and postoperative nursing considerations for a client undergoing craniotomy.
         22. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, and nursing interventions for a stroke patient.
         23. Explain the mechanism of injury to the brain that occurs with a stroke and traumatic brain injury.
         24. Discuss patient teaching and home care planning for the patient with stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and myasthenia gravis.
      3. Sensory Disorders
         1. Describe two changes in the sensory system that occurs as a result of the normal aging process.
         2. Describe the purpose, significance of results, and nursing responsibilities related to diagnostic studies of the visual and auditory systems.
         3. Describe age-related changes in the visual and auditory systems and differences in assessment findings.
         4. State at least ten nursing considerations for the care of the client with: a visual deficit, including pre- and postoperative nursing considerations; a hearing deficit.
         5. Define radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
         6. Define the following refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.
         7. Describe the following: inflammatory and infectious eye disorders (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, hordeolum, chalazion, trachoma, and keratitis); structural disorders (ectropion, entropion, and ptosis).
         8. Differentiate chronic open-angle glaucoma, acute closed-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma, identifying at least three nursing considerations for each disorder.
         9. Explain the causes and treatments for cataracts.
         10. Identify at least two nursing considerations for each of the following types of eye traumas: hematoma, foreign bodies, hyphema, chemical burns, corneal abrasions, and detached retina.
         11. Describe inflammatory conditions of the lid, conjunctiva, and cornea with etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         12. Compare the nature of cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, and the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         13. Discuss corneal injuries including etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         14. List tips for communicating with hearing- and sight-impaired people.
         15. Give patient instructions regarding care of the eye and ear in accordance with written protocol.
         16. Compare and contrast conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, central hearing loss, and functional hearing loss.
         17. Discuss noninfectious disorders of the ear, including etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         18. Discuss the causes and at least two nursing interventions for each of the following disorders of the external ear: impacted earwax, furuncles, foreign objects, external otitis, fungal infections, and punctured tympanic membrane; and disorders of the middle ear: otitis media, serous otitis media, acute purulent otitis media, and chronic otitis media.
         19. Describe the appropriate care of the hearing aid.
         20. Describe the care of a client who is to undergo a tympanoplasty and myringotomy with insertion of tympanostomy tubes.
         21. Identify communication resources for people with visual and/or hearing impairment.
         22. Describe home health considerations for people with eye or ear disorders, surgery, or visual and hearing impairments.
         23. Describe the various surgeries of the ear, including the nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis.
         24. Discuss at least three nursing considerations for a client with Meniere’s disease.
         25. Identify at least two nursing considerations for clients with a tactile, gustatory, or olfactory disorder.
      4. Respiratory Disorders
         1. Differentiate the following Respiratory disorders: Acute asthma, streptococcal throat infectious, influenza, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, histoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and emphysema.
         2. Describe nursing interventions to assist patients with retained pulmonary secretions.
         3. Identify signs and symptoms that indicate a patient is experiencing hypoxia.
         4. Identify strategies the nurse can teach patients to decrease the risk of infection.
         5. Differentiate between tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis.
         6. Discuss medications commonly prescribed for the patient with tuberculosis.
         7. Discuss the principle of low-flow oxygen required for patients with emphysema.
         8. Compare/contrast nursing assessment and interventions for the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the patient with pneumonia.
         9. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient with a laryngectomy.
         10. Identify possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with altered respiratory function.
         11. Identify nursing interventions relevant to psychosocial concerns of the patient with altered respiratory functions.
         12. Discuss risk factors associated with pulmonary emboli.
      5. Cardiovascular or Peripheral Vascular Disorders
         1. Discuss the location, size, and position of the heart.
         2. Identify the chambers of the heart.
         3. List the functions of the chambers of the heart.
         4. Identify the valves of the heart and their locations.
         5. Discuss the electrical conduction system that causes the cardiac muscle fibers to contract.
         6. Explain what produces the two main heart sounds.
         7. Trace the path of blood through the coronary circulation.
         8. Discuss risk factors in coronary artery disease (CAD), differentiating factors which can be modified and those that cannot.
         9. Describe diagnostic tests used to evaluate cardiovascular function.
         10. Describe five cardiac dysrhythmias.
         11. Compare etiology/pathophysiology, signs and systems, medical management, and nursing interventions for patients with angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction, or heart failure.
         12. Specify patient teaching for patients with cardiac dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and valvular heart disease.
         13. Discuss the signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema.
         14. Discuss medical management and nursing interventions for the patient with pulmonary edema.
         15. Identify risk factors associated with peripheral vascular system.
         16. Describe the effects of aging on the peripheral vascular system.
         17. Compare and contrast signs and symptoms associated with arterial and venous disorder.
         18. Discuss nursing interventions for arterial and venous disorders.
         19. Compare essential (primary) hypertension and secondary hypertension.
         20. Discuss the importance of patient education for hypertension.
         21. Discuss appropriate patient education for thrombophlebitis.
      6. Endocrine Disorders
         1. Discuss the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis for patients with acromegaly, gigantism, dwarfism, diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid cancer, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, and Addison’s disease.
         2. Name the common laboratory tests and radiology procedures performed to evaluate functioning of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, and pancreas.
         3. Explain how to test for Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, and carpopedal spasms.
         4. Differentiate the four major tests used to test blood glucose levels.
         5. Describe the difference between gigantism and acromegaly, and SIADH and diabetes insipidus.
         6. Compare and contrast Graves’ disease, cretinism, and myxedema, including at least three nursing considerations for each.
         7. List two significant complications that may occur after thyroidectomy.
         8. Identify at least five pre- and postoperative nursing considerations for a client who needs a thyroidectomy.
         9. Explain the differences between hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.
         10. Describe the three major adrenal gland disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, primary aldosteronism, and Addison’s disease.
         11. Describe the etiology/pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic tests, medical management, nursing interventions, patient teaching, and prognosis for patient with diabetes mellitus.
         12. Explain the interrelationship of nutrition, exercise, and medication in the control of diabetes mellitus.
         13. Discuss the various insulin types and their characteristics.
         14. Differentiate between the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
         15. List five nursing interventions that foster self-care in the activities of daily living of the patient with diabetes mellitus.
         16. Discuss the acute and long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
         17. Differentiate among the following type: type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and impaired glucose homeostasis.
         18. Compare and contrast hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and nonketotic hyperosmolar state, including causes, signs and symptoms, treatment, and nursing considerations.
         19. Identify two examples of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes.
         20. Prepare a diabetic client teaching plan that addresses at least ten topics for discussion.
         21. Demonstrate the use of a blood glucose monitor in the skills laboratory
      7. Gastrointestinal Disorders
         1. Describe common diagnostic tests performed on clients with gastrointestinal disorders.
         2. Describe nursing measures after liver biopsy.
         3. Explain nursing management of clients undergoing diagnostic testing for a gastrointestinal disorder.
         4. Discuss assessment findings and treatment of eating disorders, esophageal disorders, and gastric disorders.
         5. Describe the nursing management of a client with a nasogastric or gastrointestinal tube or gastrostomy.
         6. Identify strategies for relieving upper gastrointestinal discomfort.
         7. Discuss the nursing management of clients undergoing gastric surgery.
         8. List factors that contribute to constipation and diarrhea and describe nursing management for clients with these problems.
         9. Explain the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
         10. Contrast Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
         11. Describe the features of appendicitis and peritonitis.
         12. Describe nursing management for a client with acute abdominal inflammatory disorders.
         13. Describe the nurse’s role as related to care measures for the client with intestinal obstruction.
         14. Differentiate between diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
         15. Identify factors that contribute to the formation of an abdominal hernia.
         16. Discuss nursing management for a client requiring surgical repair of a hernia.
         17. Describe warning signs of colorectal cancer.
         18. List common problems that accompany anorectal disorders.
         19. Explain possible causes of jaundice.
         20. List common findings manifested by clients with cirrhosis.
         21. Discuss common complications of cirrhosis.
         22. Identify the modes of transmission of viral hepatitis.
         23. Discuss nursing management for clients with a medically or surgically treated liver disorder.
         24. Identify factors that contribute to, signs and symptoms of, and medical treatments for cholecystitis.
         25. Name techniques for gallbladder removal.
         26. Summarize the nursing management of clients undergoing medical or surgical treatment of a gallbladder disorder.
         27. Describe the treatment and nursing management of pancreatitis.
         28. Describe the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma.
         29. Explain the nursing management of clients undergoing pancreatic surgery.
         30. Differentiate between ileostomy and colostomy.
         31. Discuss preoperative nursing care of a client undergoing ostomy surgery.
         32. List complications associated with ostomy surgery.
         33. Discuss postoperative nursing management of a client with an ileostomy.
         34. Describe the components used to apply and collect stool from an intestinal ostomy.
         35. Cite reasons for changing an ostomy appliance.
         36. Explain how stool is released from a continent ileostomy.
         37. Describe the two-part procedure needed to create an ileoanal reservoir.
         38. Discuss various types of colostomies.
         39. Explain ways that clients with descending or sigmoid colostomies may regulate bowel elimination.
      8. Urinary/Renal Disorders
         1. Discuss the purpose and nursing responsibilities related to the common diagnostic tests and procedures performed on the urine, kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
         2. Discuss the prevention of and observation for side effects of diuretic therapy.
         3. Discuss the treatment and nursing care for urinary incontinence.
         4. Describe the treatment and care of acute and chronic glomerulonephritis patient.
         5. Identify methods of preventing complications and renal damage in the patient with an infection of the urinary tract.
         6. Discuss treatment and nursing interventions for the patient with urinary calculi and methods of preventing their formation.
         7. Discuss treatment and care for patients with acute and chronic renal failure.
         8. Explain the purpose of dialysis and differentiate between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.
         9. Differentiate preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for patients with the following methods of urinary diversion: cutaneous ureterostomy and ileal conduit.
         10. Discuss nursing interventions for diagnostic studies of the urinary system.
         11. Identify the nursing responsibilities related to dressings, drains, and urinary drainage tubes after surgery on the urinary tract.
      9. Reproductive Disorders
         1. Discuss the impact of illness on the patient’s sexuality.
         2. Describe nursing interventions for patients with menstrual disturbances.
         3. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient undergoing diagnostic studies related to the reproductive system.
         4. Discuss the importance of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test in early detection of cervical cancer.
         5. Describe the treatment and care of the patient with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, and ovarian cancer.
         6. Identify the clinical manifestations of a vaginal fistula.
         7. Describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for the patient requiring major surgery of the female reproductive system.
         8. Describe the common problems with cystocele, rectocele, and the related medical management and nursing interventions.
         9. Discuss surgical approaches for cancer of the breast.
         10. Discuss nursing interventions for the patient who has had a modified radical mastectomy, including discharge instruction.
         11. Describe nursing interventions for the patient with prostatitis.
         12. Distinguish between hydrocele and varicocele.
         13. Discuss the importance of monthly testicular self-examination beginning at 15 years of age in males.
         14. Discuss patient education related to prevention of sexually transmitted diseases
      10. Musculoskeletal Disorders
          1. Discuss the diagnostic procedures pertinent to musculoskeletal function.
          2. Compare methods of assessing circulation, nerve damage, and infection in a patient who has a traumatic insult to the musculoskeletal system.
          3. Identify at least four major components of nursing care necessary to protect the client from the hazards of immobilization.
          4. Compare the medical regimens for patients suffering from gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
          5. Describe the nursing interventions appropriate for degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis).
          6. List at least four healthy lifestyle measures people can practice to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.
          7. Describe the surgical intervention for arthritis of the hip and knee.
          8. Describe the nursing interventions for the patient undergoing a total hip or knee replacement.
          9. Discuss nursing interventions appropriate for a patient with a fractured hip after open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) and bipolar hip prosthesis (hemiarthroplasty).
          10. Discuss at least six important areas of nursing care for the client who has had an amputation and now has a limb prosthesis.
          11. Describe the phenomenon of phantom pain.
          12. State at least three nursing considerations for clients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscular dystrophy, and osteoporosis.
          13. Differentiate between skin traction and skeletal traction, including indications and nursing considerations for each type of traction.
          14. List at least two types of skin and skeletal traction.
          15. Discuss at least three nursing measures for care of clients with the following treatments: external fixation, ORIF, and arthroplasty.
          16. Identify at least nine complications of fractures or bone surgery.
          17. Explain the difference between primary and metastatic bone tumors.
          18. Discuss the physiology of fracture healing (hematoma, granulation tissue, and callus formation).
          19. Describe the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome.
          20. List nursing interventions appropriate for a fat embolism.
          21. List four nursing interventions appropriate for bone cancer.
      11. Integumentary Disorders
          1. Identify at least eight types of skin lesions, providing an example of each type.
          2. State at least four possible nursing diagnoses for a client with a chronic skin disorder.
          3. Relate at least three nursing interventions for the care of a client with pruritus.
          4. Discuss the following conditions, including at least two nursing considerations for each condition: acute and chronic skin conditions (urticaria, vitiligo, dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis); infections (warts, condylomata acuminata, impetigo, and folliculitis); parasitic infestations (scabies, lice, bedbugs); and sebaceous gland disorders (sebaceous cysts, seborrhea, seborrheic dermatitis, and dandruff).
          5. Describe at least four types of dressings, four types of topical medications, and the processes of debridement and skin grafting that may be used when treating burns.
          6. State the pathophysiology involved in a burn injury.
          7. Discuss the stages of burn care with appropriate nursing interventions.
          8. Identify the methods used to classify the extent of a burn injury.
          9. Identify at least five complications that occur during burn recovery. 
          10. Discuss at least four nursing considerations during the rehabilitative stage of burn healing.
          11. Identify three common nonmalignant and malignant skin lesions.
          12. Discuss at least four interventions that can be used to prevent skin cancer.
      12. Hematologic/Lymphatic Disorders
          1. List the common diagnostic tests for evaluation of blood and lymph disorders, and discuss the significance of the results.
          2. Apply the nursing process to care of the patient with disorders of the hematological and lymphatic systems.
          3. Compare and contrast the different types of anemia in terms of pathophysiology, assessment, medical management, and nursing interventions.
          4. Compare and contrast the disorders of coagulation (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)) in terms of pathophysiology, assessment, and nursing interventions.
          5. Discuss medical management of patients with hemophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC).
          6. List six signs and symptoms associated with hypovolemic shock.
          7. Discuss the important aspects that should be presented in patient teaching and home care planning for the patient with pernicious anemia.
          8. Discuss the prognosis for patients with acute and chronic leukemia.
          9. Discuss the nursing intervention and the patient teaching for the patient with multiple myeloma.
          10. Discuss the primary goal of nursing interventions for the patient with lymphedema.
          11. Differentiate between Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and related medical management and nursing interventions.
      13. Cancer
          1. Discuss the risk factors for the development of and the warning signs.
          2. Discuss development, preventions and detection of cancer.
          3. Define the terminology used to describe cellular changes, characteristics of malignant cells, and types of malignancies.
          4. Describe the pathophysiology of cancer, including the characteristics of malignant cells and the nature of metastasis.
          5. Describe the major categories of chemotherapeutic agents.
          6. Describe the process of metastasis.
          7. Describe reasons for delay in seeking medical care when diagnosis of cancer is suspected.
          8. List common diagnostic test used to identify the presence of cancer.
          9. Define the systems of tumor classification: grading and staging.
          10. Discuss general guidelines for the use of pain relief measures of the patient with advanced cancer.
          11. Describe nursing interventions for the individual undergoing surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation.
      14. Immune Disorders
          1. Differentiate between natural and acquired immunity.
          2. Describe mechanisms of immune response.
          3. Compare and contrast humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
          4. Explain the concepts of immunocompetency, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity.
          5. Discuss factors that influence the development of hypersensitivity.
          6. Identify the clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis.
          7. Outline the immediate aggressive treatment of systemic anaphylactic reaction.
          8. Discuss selection of blood donors, typing and cross-matching, storage, and administration in the prevention of transfusion reaction.
          9. Discuss the causation of autoimmune disorders; explain plasmapheresis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
          10. Explain an immunodeficiency disease.
      15. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
          1. Describe the agent that causes HIV.
          2. Describe definition of AIDS given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
          3. Explain the difference between HIV infection, HIV Disease, and AIDS.
          4. Describe the progression of HIV infection.
          5. Discuss how HIV is and is not transmitted.
          6. Discuss the pathophysiology of HIV disease.
          7. Discuss the laboratory and diagnostic tests related to HIV disease.
          8. Describe patients who are at risk for HIV infection.
          9. Discuss the nurse’s role in assisting the HIV-infected patient with coping, grieving, reducing anxiety, and minimizing social isolation.
          10. Identify signs and symptoms that may be indicative of HIV disease.
          11. Identify opportunistic infections associated with advanced HIV and/or AIDS.
          12. Discuss treatments and nursing care for the patient with AIDS.
      16. Care of the Surgical Patient
          1. Identify the purposes of surgery.
          2. Distinguish among elective, urgent, and emergency surgery.
          3. Describe the pre-admission process.
          4. Discuss laboratory, diagnostic tests and procedures required during perioperative phase.
          5. Discuss factors which influence an individual’s surgical outcome.
          6. Discuss considerations for the older surgical patient during the perioperative phases.
          7. Discuss the emotional impact of surgery.
          8. Describe the care of the client during the pre-operative surgical phase including:
          9. Describe the care of the client during the intra-operative surgical phase. 
          10. Describe the care of the client during the immediate post-operative surgical phase. 
          11. Describe the care of the client during the later post-operative surgical phase.
          12. Discuss the use of pain medication and their effects related to anesthesia
          13. Discuss the nurse’s role in informed consent
          14. Identify medications that are frequently used pre- and post-operatively.
          15. Discuss how the client’s daily medications impact surgery.
          16. Discuss the complications of anesthesia.
          17. Discuss safety as it relates to the surgical patient during the perioperative phases.
          18. Discuss the nursing process in care of the postoperative patient.
          19. Discuss postoperative discharge criteria.
          20. Identify and discuss common complications during the perioperative phases.
          21. Describe the stages of the healing process and complications related to the surgical incision.